Albumins and Carotenoids of the Human Fetal Vitreous Body and their Morphogenetic Role during Midgestation Ina G. Panova1*, Alexander S. Tatikolov2, and Olga G. Stroeva1 1N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow 119334, Russia 2N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow 119334, R...

The mechanism for the earliest response of central neurons to hypoxia-an increase in voltage-gated sodium current (INa)-has been unknown. Here, we show that hypoxia activates the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) pathway in rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) and that SUMOylation of NaV1.2 channels increases INa. The time-course for SUMOylation of single NaV1.2 channels at the cell surface ...

Action potential (AP) propagation in presynaptic axons of the crayfish opener neuromuscular junction (NMJ) was investigated by simultaneously recording from a terminal varicosity and a proximal branch. Although orthodromically conducting APs could be recorded in terminals with amplitudes up to 70 mV, depolarizing steps in terminals to -20 mV or higher failed to fire APs. Patch-clamp recordings ...

Hypertonic saline (HS) inhalation therapy benefits cystic fibrosis (CF) patients [Donaldson SH, Bennet WD, Zeman KL, Knowles MR, Tarran R, Boucher RC. N Engl J Med 354: 241-250, 2006; Elkins MR, Robinson M, Rose BR, Harbour C, Moriarty CP, Marks GB, Belousova EG, Xuan W, Bye PT; the National Hypertonic Saline in Cystic Fibrosis (NHSCF) Study Group. N Engl J Med 354: 229-240, 2006]. Surprisingly...

Some patients with recurrent scar-related VT after failed standard RF ablation (sRFA) benefit from a repeat sRFA, whereas others require advanced methods such as intramural needle (INA). To assess the frequency and possible clinical markers of successful sRFA compared to INA in prior who were referred for INA. In consecutive pts that recurred despite enrolled trial INA, was considered first. pe...

Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) have been attributed to two primary mechanisms: 1) recovery from inactivation of the L-type calcium (Ca) channel and/or 2) spontaneous Ca release, which depolarizes the membrane potential through the electrogenic sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX). The sodium (Na) current (INa), especially the late component of the Na current, has been recognized as an important pl...

The SCN5A gene encodes the pore-forming α-subunit of the ion channel that carries the cardiac fast sodium current (INa). The 1795insD mutation in SCN5A causes sinus bradycardia, with a mean heart rate of 70 beats/min in mutation carriers vs. 77 beats/min in non-carriers from the same family (lowest heart rate 41 vs. 47 beats/min). To unravel the underlying mechanism, we incorporated the mutatio...

In the title compound, {[AgSm(C(6)H(4)NO(2))(2)(C(2)O(4))]·H(2)O}(n), the asymmetric unit contains one Sm(III) ion, one Ag(I) ion, two unique isonicotinate (ina) ligands, two half oxalate (ox) ligands (one on an inversion centre, the other on a twofold axis) and one uncoordinated water mol-ecule. The central Sm(III) ion is nine-coordinated by four O-donor atoms from separate bidentate bridging ...

Agent tracking is an important capability an intelligent agent requires for interacting with other agents. It involves monitoring the observable actions of other agents as well as inferring their un-observed actions or high-level goals and behaviors. This paper focuses on a key challenge for agent tracking: recursive tracking of individuals or groups of agents. The paper rst introduces an appro...