Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) of ration for estimation of rumen degradability of fiber in sheep. In experiment 1, to determine feed iNDF, four ruminal fistulated Zel ewes were used. Three grams of alfalfa hay, corn silage, barley grain, wheat bran, ration 1 (including alfalfa hay and concentrate), and ration 2 (including ...

Chemical degradation of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane is one of the most serious problems for stable and long-term operations of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). The chemical degradation is caused by the chemical reaction between the PFSA membrane and chemical species such as free radicals. Although chemical degradation of the PFSA membrane has been studied by various experime...

background: the excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological properties of the hydrogels, fabricated using natural polymers, especially polysaccharides, are very advantageous for biomedical applications. gum tragacanth (gt) is a heterogeneous highly branched anionic polysaccharide, which has been used extensively in food and pharmaceutical industries. despite,  its desirable prop...

the aim of this study was to develop an extended-release tablet formulation using a new in situ cross-linking method. the effects of polyvalent cations on theophylline release from tablets made with the polyanionic polymers sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, were investigated. different miliequivalents of the di and tri-valent cation, ca2+ and al3+, were added to tablet formulat...

this paper introduces an innovative partially destructive method, called “twist-off”, for the assessment of in situ concrete strength. in this method a 40mm diameter metal probe is bonded to a concrete surface by means of a high strength epoxy resin adhesive. to measure the concrete compressive strength, a torque is applied using an ordinary torque-meter and the maximum shear stress at failure ...

abstract with increasing population, mine activities for metal proceeding are also increasing, so environment will be influenced by contaminant especially heavy metals. in situ immobilization of heavy metals using inexpensive amendments is considered as a simple and cost-effective approach for reducing heavy metal contamination. in this research we used sequential extraction for assessing reduc...

This study focused on whether or not atrazine could be degraded by indigenous groundwater bacteria as part of an in situ remediation approach. Groundwater was taken from an unconfined middle upper chalk site where concentrations of atrazine and nitrate were typically in the ranges 0.02-0.2 microg litre-1 and 11.6-25.1 mg NO3-N litre-1 respectively. Sacrificial batch studies were performed using...