Arasbaran protected area is located in NW Iran, is one of nine designated Biosphere Reserves in Iran. According to the literatures and the current study, 1067 plant taxa are identified in the area. Eighteen plant taxa of the area are endemic to Iran. Hemicryptophytes (42.5 %) are the most frequent life forms in the reserve followed by therophytes (25.8 %), cryptophytes (18.8 %), phanerophytes (...

Protected areas play an important role in the evolving challenge of maintaining a sustainable world. Not only do they provide refuges for biological diversity, but they play an equally significant role in the changing economic and social basis of local communities and nations. That protected areas are increasingly becoming a source of tourist revenue is not surprising. In many cases, such as th...

Protected area management agencies often struggle to reliably reconstruct grazer assemblages due to a lack of historical distribution data for their regions. Wrong predictions of grazing assemblages could potentially affect biodiversity negatively. The objective of the study was to determine how well grazing herbivores have become established since introduction to the Mkambati Nature Reserve, S...

Protected areas around the world were created with the goals of preserving biodiversity and providing nature-based recreation opportunities for millions of people. This dual mandate guides the management of the majority of the world’s protected areas, but there is growing evidence that quiet, nonconsumptive recreation may not be compatible with biodiversity protection. We combined noninvasive s...