Schaller, Susanne: The Democratic Legitimacy of Private Governance. An Analysis of the Ethical Trading Initiative. Duisburg: Institute for Development and Peace, University of Duisburg‐Essen (INEF Report, 91/2007). Private actors increasingly influence global governance and generate transnational rules and regulations. By creating soft law, they adopt governance tasks t...

In a recent compilation of lessons learned about decentralization, Roy Bahl (1999) highlighted three channels through which central interventions often undermine the discipline of a hard budget constraint for local governments. These are “deficit grants” to cover year-end deficits on local government budgets, direct central government coverage of shortfalls on specific items of expenditure, and...

A model of governance implies that democracies provide public goods at different levels than dictatorships. Systems of governance are characterized by inclusiveness—the degree to which public good decisions reflect the interests of all citizens versus an elite subset. The theory indicates that less inclusive (autocratic) governments will under-provide public consumption goods relative to more i...

In autumn 1978 the IAEA arranged a Study Tour on Radiation Protection and Waste Management, as a form of technical assistance to developing countries. This tour was organized in collaboration with the Governments of Czechoslovakia, Federal Republic of Germany, France, German Democratic Republic and Hungary, and led through all of these countries. The present review covers only one aspect of thi...

This paper seeks to understand the role of the Internet and information and communications technology (ICT) in potential democratic movements. We propose an ecological model of technological development and democratization which recognizes that change can occur (1) at individual as well as social levels; (2) on a continuum from oppression to freedom; and (3) in multiple social spheres. Using ca...

Hybrid Multi-Agent Architectures support mobile robots colonies moving in dynamic, unpredictable and time varying environments to achieve collective team-oriented behaviors for solving complicate and difficult tasks. The development of a new coalition formation and coordination framework for robot colonies in dangerous, unknown and dynamic environment is outlined. The name of this new framework...

recent Korean governments have attempted to use social partnership as a mechanism to achieve cooperative and peaceful industrial relations and to balance economic effi ciency with social equity in the context of globalisation. This paper has two aims. First it seeks to put the current social partnership experiment in historical perspective and argues that current developments in Korean industri...

The provision of education and training to all Kenyans is fundamental to Governments overall development strategy. Kenya’s human resource is central to the country attaining its goal of industrial development and technological advancement. Universal access to basic education and training ensures equity for all children to enroll in schools including the disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. Educ...

Transparency is a term common to distributed computing, communications studies and other fields that information science draws upon. It’s everyday uses and connotations are carried over into these domains, coalescing around some common issues relevant to knowledge management. Transparency is also a common term in political theory and practice, and one that has been associated with teledemocracy...

Since the Internet boom in the 1990's the question has arisen, will it be possible to vote via the Internet one day. In many European countries and around the world initiatives of research institutions, private organisations and governments have tried to provide an electronic solution to this key democratic process. As many projects there are, as many different strategies lie behind that. Based...