Cities are fast becoming new territories of violence. The humanitarian consequences of many criminally violent urban settings are comparable to those of more traditional wars, yet despite the intensity of the needs, humanitarian aid to such settings is limited. The way in which humanitarian needs are typically defined, fails to address the problems of these contexts, the suffering they produce ...

I was disappointed and saddened by the carelessness of the title ‘Going to war does not have to hurt’ in the June issue of the Journal (Hacker Hughes et al, 2005). One does not even have to mention the considerable number of British casualties in Iraq to realise that this headline is completely ill thought out and a particularly misplaced euphemism that fails to appreciate that war in modern ti...

Substantive progress has been achieved in advancing emergency response interventions during disasters including assistance of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Explicit operational technical guidelines and management strategies have been successfully applied through the "cluster approach". In 2008-09 armed conflict in several districts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province and the Federall...

Tooth root crack is considered as one of the crucial causes of failure in the gearing system and it occurs at the tooth root due to an excessive bending stress developed in the root region. The modern power transmission gear drives demand high bending load capacity, increased contact load capacity, low weight, reduced noise and longer life. These subsequent conditions are satisfied by the aid o...

Transboundary water resources allocation is an effective measure to resolve water-related conflicts. Aiming at the problem of conflicts, we constructed models based on game theory and multi-objective optimization, revealed differences between two models. We compare Pareto front solved by AR-MOEA method NSGA-II method, analyzed difference Nash–Harsanyi Leader–Follower model optimization model. T...

background and aim: marital conflicts are unavoidable in family life, especially between a couple employed in a stressful job such as nursing. therefore, identification and improvement of individualistic skills that can affect marital conflicts are important. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between resilience, psychological hardiness, and marital conflicts among nur...

Leaf primordia are born around meristem-containing stem cells at shoot apices, grow along three axes (proximal-distal, adaxial-abaxial, medial-lateral), and develop into flat symmetric leaves with adaxial-abaxial polarity. Axis development and polarity specification of Arabidopsis leaves require a network of genes for transcription factor-like proteins and small RNAs. Here, we summarize present...

this paper investigates asymmetric behaviors of income inequality and consumption expenditures inequalities, the relationships between them and sketches their trends in the iranian households’ survey for the period of 1979 to 2006. for this purpose, and to analyze the relationships between variables panel data methodology was employed. results indicate that all the fluctuations of income inequa...

in recent years, wildlife habitat needs to meet critical requirment (water, food, cover and reproduction sites) on the one hand, and human needs to natural lands for developing agricultural, industrial and residential activities on the other hand, have lead to the serious human-wildlife conflicts. attacks of wolves to human and livestock in hamedan province is an example of these conflicts. dev...

The electronic conductance at zero temperature through a quantum wire with side-connected asymmetric quantum ring (as a scatter system) is theoretically studied using the non-interacting Hamiltonian Anderson tunneling method. In this paper we concentrate on the configuration of the quantum dot rings. We show that the asymmetric structure of QD-scatter system strongly influences the amplitude an...