Observations are presented of short-lived, highly structured bursts of rapid plasma flow observed with the ElSCAT radar in the high latitude dayside ionosphere. It is shown that the properties of the bursts are consistent with ionospheric perturbations caused by impulsive, localized reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause, i.e. by flux

This paper considers a longitude distribution of sunspot groups over 1982–2013, using data from the National Geophysical Data Center (Boulder, USA). The space-time distribution of sunspot groups is analyzed in coordinate sectors calculated from heliographic longitudes of the groups. A longitude extent of a coordinate sector is compared to the average size of one active region (30–40°). Then, in...

The rapid crossing of the solar equatorial region by Ulysses as it returned from the south pole resulted in 7 crossings of the heliospheric current sheet between 10“S and 20”N and 10 distinct solar wind interaction regions between 18“S and 22”N. Both the extent of the current sheet and the latitude interval containing the interaction regions are a f~ctor of= 2 less than were observed by Ulysses...

We integrate psychological and socio-structural perspectives on empowerment by examining: a) the impact of actual structural empowerment initiatives (as opposed to perceptions of such empowering acts) aimed at enhancing employee influence over which tasks to perform (as opposed to how to perform them) on employee well-being and performance, b) the degree to which selfefficacy mediates these eff...

Phenological shifts constitute one of the clearest manifestations of climate warming. Advanced emergence is widely reported in high-latitude ectotherms, but a significant number of species exhibit delayed, or no change in, emergence. Here we present a mechanistic theoretical framework that reconciles these disparate observations and predicts population-level phenological patterns based solely o...

The lidars deployed in the NDSC framework have been used for the validation of GOMOS onboard ENVISAT. During the commissioning phase around ten coincidences per site have been investigated. No significant bias, larger than ±5%, has been reported except around 50 km and 20 km where both techniques are known to present some limitations. The estimated errors of both GOMOS and lidar are in good agr...

BACKGROUND Most research on long-term sickness absence has focussed on exposure to occupational psychosocial risk factors such as low decision latitude. These provide an incomplete explanation as they do not account for other relevant factors. Such occupational risk factors may be confounded by social or temperamental risk factors earlier in life. METHODS We analysed data from the 1958 Britis...

• Estimates of their impact should be made cautiously, however, for few nonstate actors are completely independent of nation-states, and they do not have uniform freedom of movement. Although nonstate actors have a great deal of latitude in both weak and post-industrial states, modernizing states such as China and Russia—home to the bulk of the world’s population—have been highly effective in s...

BACKGROUND Climatic warming predicts that species move their entire distribution poleward. Poleward movement of the 'cold' side of the distribution of species is empirically supported, but evidence of poleward movement at the 'warm' distributional side is relatively scarce. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING Finland has, as the first country in the world, completed three national atlas surveys of ...