We have an ethical and scientific obligation to Refine all aspects of the life of the laboratory-housed dog. Across industry there are many differences amongst facilities, home pen design and husbandry, as well as differences in features of the dogs such as strain, sex and scientific protocols. Understanding how these influence welfare, and hence scientific output is therefore critical. A signi...

Background: Identifying determinants of maternal mortality is essential in developing appropriate health policies for reduction of maternal death. This study aimed to determine the determinants of maternal mortality in Iran during 1990- 2015 and also to identify the trends of these determinants during the same period. Methods: This is a quantitative longitudinal study that has been conducted a...

for the rural population, an improvement in the income of the agriculture and allied sectors is essential for improving the welfare, rural economic prosperity, and the overall economic development. the objective of this study was to determine the optimal pattern in various activities of forest fringe villagers of hezarjarib area in 2013 for management of resources and rural development planning...

We show that instantaneous increases in real NNP over time are an accurate indicator of true dynamic welfare improvements. The framework of the paper is the standard multisector optimal growth model. The result highlights a connection between the theory of green (or comprehensive) national income accounting and the theory of real price indices.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to study information seeking behavior and the pattern of reading behavior of faculty members of University of Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences in using printed and electronic resources. Methods: The descriptive research method was a survey method. The research was implemented by using an organized questionnaire which was distributed among the ...

During the past few years practicing employee welfare schemes has become a key factor for the overall growth and development of any organisation. Organizations provide welfare facilities to their employees to keep their motivation levels high. Employees’ welfare is essential for any organisation, as they shed the blood for achieving the objectives and goals of the organisation. The welfare sche...

This chapter investigates whether measures of welfare improvement indicates sustainability. First it shows how the value of net investments and real NNP growth (appropriately extended if population growth is positive) can be used to measure welfare improvement, before turning to following two questions: (1) Does non-negative value of net investments imply sustainable development? (2) Does susta...