One of the main challenges that faces any scholar or researcher after defining legal term is how and why to organise them in different categories. Imposed constitutions as a new which has lately attracted many researchers tends be shown an alien classic traditional types known constitutions. The challenge prompts quickly hearing this if there are imposed constitutions, so what un-imposed ones? ...

In this paper we model a decision maker who must exert costly effort to complete single task by fixed deadline. Effort costs evolve stochastically in continuous time. The optimally waits until are less than given threshold, the solution an optimal stopping time problem. We derive for three cases: (1) exponential makers, (2) Naïve hyperbolic discounters and (3) sophisticated discounters. Absent ...

Abstract. Individuals differ in the extent to which they perceive threat imposed by out-groups like migrants. An established distinction intergroup research is between symbolic and realistic threat. While threats concern a perceived menace against societal values, jeopardize in-group members’ well-being more directly. Typically applied conceptions explicitly include aspect of physical integrity...

in the affective sphere of efl learning especially with regard to teaching/learning situations in iran, one deterrent element seizes particular attention and that is inhibition self-imposed restraint on or abstinence from learning due to academic and non-academic variables such as culture, gender, psyche, extreme emotions, etc. it is related to language ego permeability hypothesis (leph) which ...