Complex data dependencies can often be expressed concisely by defining a variable in terms of part of its own value. Such a circular reference can be naturally expressed in a lazy functional language or in an attribute grammar. In this paper, we consider circular references in the context of an imperative C-like language, by extending the language with a new construct, persistent variables. We ...

The traditional paradigm for learning and training of operators in complex systems is discussed and criticised to react on the strong influence (the doctrine of 'mental logic') coming from research carried out in artificial intelligence (AI). The most well known arguments against the AI-approach are presented and discussed in relation to expertise, intuition and implicit knowledge. The importan...

In this study, the role of collaboration in design is discussed, placing emphasis on how to include end-users in the development process. The study is based on a literature review focusing on aspects of collaboration in design, usability and human factors. Thereby, it introduces, compares and contrasts the characteristics of both collaborative and user-centered design perspectives, leading to t...

The advantage of microarray (array) over conventional karyotype for the diagnosis of fetal pathogenic chromosomal anomalies has prompted the use of microarrays in prenatal diagnostics. In this review we compare the performance of different array platforms (BAC, oligonucleotide CGH, SNP) and designs (targeted, whole genome, whole genome, and targeted, custom) and discuss their advantages and dis...

Based on information orientation theory, the entire process of ERP implementation in enterprise is analyzed in detail from information behaviors and values, information management practice, and information technology practice. Advantages and disadvantages are both listed to show the benefits or barriers to the implementing of ERP in northeastern enterprises. After the analysis of an empirical E...

The Killer Phrase game is a digital role-playing game where the player is the moderator of a discussion between two debating robots. In this article, the design steps for the creation are explained, such as building the simulation model, designing sub-games, implementing dialogues starting from a script, and testing and tuning the game. Concluding, advantages and disadvantages of the virtual ga...

Blockchain has completely changed how business is performed today, thus making it one of the most disruptive technologies in recent times. However, a challenging task to adopt and implement blockchain different services industries. Therefore, this study introduces framework for investigating critical factors influencing successful adoption applications prioritizes them using hierarchical Decisi...

Parameterization of object-classes is an attractive approach during implementation of an object-oriented software system. This text discusses different cases of possible parameterization in the implementation of geometry object-classes when used to describe location and extent of geographic features. This approach has obvious advantages and disadvantages and should be used with prudence. When t...