Activity of the biceps brachii and of the lateral head of the triceps brachii was recorded in cats during contact placing reaction evoked by tactile stimulation of the dorsum of the forepaw. Chronically implanted electrodes were used for this purpose. Two patterns of responses were observed. In the first pattern the two muscles were activated alternately while in the second pattern they were co...

Adam Keiper is managing editor of The New Atlantis. Every so often, when some new scientific paper is published or new experiment revealed, the press pronounces the creation of the first bionic man—part human, part machine. Science fiction, they say, has become scientific reality; the age of cyborgs is finally here. Many of these stories are gross exaggerations. But something more is also afoot...

Normally hearing listeners were presented with vowels, consonants, and sentences for identification through an acoustic simulation of a five-channel cochlear implant with electrodes separated by 4 mm (as in the Ineraid implant). The aim of the experiment was to simulate the effect of depth of electrode insertion on identification accuracy. Insertion depth was simulated by outputting sine waves ...

Neurons in cortical ventral-stream area V4 are thought to contribute to important aspects of visual processing by integrating information from primary visual cortex (V1). However, how V4 neurons respond to visual stimulation after V1 injury remains unclear: While electrophysiological investigation of V4 neurons during reversible V1 inactivation suggests that virtually all responses are eliminat...

Controlling protein interactions at the implanted electrode interface is becoming an important strategy for the management of foreign body responses that have proven to be detrimental to the long-term performance of neural prosthesis. In this study, PEGylation was conducted on platinum bio-electrodes to render the surface protein-resistant. The PEGylated electrode was investigated using a quart...

Using an implanted electrode, we recorded the responses from the ultrasound-sensitive mantis interneuron 501-T3 during flying bat attacks in a large flight room where the mantis served as the target. 501-T3 responds to each vocalization emitted with multi-spike bursts when pulse repetition rates (PRRs) are below 55 pulses x s(-1). As PRR increases and pulse durations fall below 3 ms, 501-T3 cea...

BACKGROUND Orthopedic surgeons depend on the intraoperative use of fluoroscopy to facilitate procedures across all subspecialties. The versatility of the C-arm fluoroscope allows acquisition of nearly any radiographic view. This versatility, however, creates the opportunity for difficulty in communication between surgeon and radiation technologist. Poor communication leads to delays, frustratio...

Medium energy ion scattering was used to study the distribution of ion-implanted Sb dopant in Si with excess vacancies and separation by implanted oxygen (SIMOX) substrates and the effects of thermal treatments. Extra vacancies in Si were generated by N or O pre-implantations at high temperature. Effects related to the different chemical nature of the pre-implanted species are expected under th...

The magnetic properties and microstructure of p-type Si (100) implanted with 1.0 × 1015 cm−2 of Cr ions at 200 keV have been investigated by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The magnetic hysteresis loops and saturation magnetization of 0.67–0.75 emu/g in a wide temperature range are...