An immunological method for the detection of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in drinking water was developed. The method was based on a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibody immunoglobulin G2a 898 against enterobacterial common antigen. The enterobacterial common antigen sandwich ELISA combined with selective preenrichment culture could be performe...

AIM The present study was aimed to investigate the immunological competence of endosulfan insecticide after limited oral administration in White Leghorn layer chickens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 White Leghorn birds were given endosulfan in drinking water at 30 ppm/bird/day (no observable effect level dose) for a period of 3-months. Immune competence status of layer birds and chicks ...

The radio-immunological technique for assaying endogenous plasma insulin in man recently described by Yalow and Berson (1, 2) promises to be of considerable value in the investigation of insulin metabolism. Other immunological methods that have been reported are not so sensitive as this method, since they fail to detect insulin in fasting normal human plasma (3). In contrast to the bioassay met...

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are a physiologically, immunologically and genetically diverse collection of strains that pose a serious water-borne threat to human health. Consequently, immunological and PCR assays have been developed for the rapid, sensitive detection of presumptive EHEC. However, the ability of these assays to consistently detect presumptive EHEC while excluding cl...

AIM The present study was aimed to investigate the immunological competence of chlorpyrifos (CPF) insecticide after oral administration in layer chickens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 White Leghorn birds were given CPF in drinking water at 0.3 ppm/bird/day (no observable effect level dose) for a period of 3-month. Immune competence status of layer birds and chicks hatched from CPF-trea...

BACKGROUND In this study, the pilot production of aerobic bioreactor tropical theileriosis vaccine was optimized with the aim of immunological assays for further mass production. METHODS We have shown earlier the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) assay could be used for evaluating the immunity and memory cells against specific Theileria antigen in vaccinated animals. In addition, TNF-α is t...

DNAX accessory molecule 1 (DNAM-1) is expressed on all CD8(+) T cells and promotes their activation and effector function. DNAM-1 interacts with LFA-1, a critical molecule for immunological synapse formation between T cells and APCs, and for cytotoxic killing of target cells. Mice that lack DNAM-1 display abnormal T cell responses and antitumor activity; however, the mechanism involved is uncle...

The activation of biological T cell responses requires prolonged contact with APCs and sustained signaling. We investigated whether signaling must be uninterrupted to commit T cells to cytokine production or whether T cell activation may also result from summation of interrupted signals. Upon periodic addition and removal of a src kinase inhibitor, human CD4(+) T cells destroyed and re-formed i...

We are developing a new, animal-free assay for determination of the sensitizing potential of a substance. The design of this assay is based on current immunological knowledge of the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis. It integrates human dendritic cells and keratinocytes, which are both known to be critically involved in vivo. The read-out system uses molecular responses typically occu...