Agonist-selective actions of opioids on the desensitization of mu-opioid receptors (MORs) have been well characterized, but few if any studies have examined agonist-dependent recovery from desensitization. The outward potassium current induced by several opioids was studied using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in locus ceruleus neurons. A brief application of the irreversible opioid antago...

There is ongoing debate about the role of G protein–coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in agonist-induced desensitization of the m-opioid receptor (MOPr) in brain neurons. In the present paper, we have used a novel membrane-permeable, small-molecule inhibitor of GRK2 and GRK3, Takeda compound 101 (Cmpd101; 3-[[[4-methyl-5-(4-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl] methyl] amino]N-[2-(trifuoromethyl) benz...

Effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing on death anxiety gastrointestinal cancer patients in Qazvin hospital 2018: A randomized clinical trial

The Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing on Pain Intensity in Cancer Patients (24-Month Follow-Up)

The time course of carbachol-induced desensitization onset and recovery of sensitivity after desenitization have been compared at the frog neuromuscular junction. The activation-desensitization sequence was determined from input conductance measurements using potassium-depolarized muscle preparations. Both desensitization onset and recovery from desensitization could be adequately described by ...

Retinal prostheses aim to restore functional vision to those blinded by outer retinal diseases using electric stimulation of surviving neurons. Previous work indicates that repetitive stimulation with stimuli that activate the synaptic network reduces the sensitivity of retinal neurons to further stimulation. Such desensitization may contribute to the fading of visual percepts over time reporte...

Sustained stimulation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) leads to rapid loss of receptor function (acute desensitization). For many GPCRs including the mu-opioid receptor (MOR), an accepted mechanism for acute desensitization is through G-protein coupled receptor kinase (GRKs) mediated phosphorylation of the receptor, which facilitates the binding of beta-arrestins (betaarrs) to the recepto...

BACKGROUND The nAcChoR is the prototypical member of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that are all relevant targets of anesthetics and undergo desensitization upon prolonged exposure to agonist. This study was designed to investigate the effects of representative normal alcohols on the apparent rate of acetylcholine-induced nAcChoR desensitization. METHODS Nicotinic acetylcholine re...

Agonist treatment causes desensitization of many G protein-coupled receptor systems. Recent advances have delineated changes in receptors in the desensitization response; however, the role of G proteins remains unclear. We investigated the role of phosphorylation of Galpha q/11 proteins in agonist-induced desensitization of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors. In an embryonic rat cortical cell line...

The influence of alpha and beta subunits on the properties of nicotine-induced activation and desensitization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in Xenopus oocytes was examined. Receptors containing alpha4 subunits were more sensitive to activation by nicotine than alpha3-containing receptors. At low concentrations of nicotine, nAChRs containing beta2 subunits reac...