The authors studied the circulating fibronectin concentrations in the plasma of 24 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC) and of 74 age- and sex-matched healthy blood donors. They adapted a commercially available turbidimetric immunoassay for use with a centrifugal analyzer. The assay showed within-run precision of 2.1%, 2.3%, 1.8%, and 1.1%, and a...

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described 30 years ago in a report from the US Centers for Disease Control. Two years later the causative virus was identified and afterwards named the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This article reviews the progress made in the three decades since the recognition of AIDS and the discovery of HIV, with respect to the virus, the infected ...

Immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a well described phenomenon. We found that HIV patients have higher secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ compared with non-HIV subjects, as measured by the "nil" value in the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test, even when viral loads are low. This may reflect ongoing immune activation, even with optimal HIV management.

Expenditures for the Medicaid program grew at the alarming and unexpected average annual rate of nearly 20 percent from 1989 ($58 billion) to 1992 ($113 billion). These statistics raise a critical question: What caused spending to grow so dramatically? Using State-level data from 1984-92, this analysis examines the determinants of Medicaid expenditure growth. The results indicate that Medicaid ...

We reported the case of a boy who fled from Chechnya to Belgium. He was diagnosed with a human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) coinfection. In both countries, the prevalence of HIV-infected children is low and VL is not endemic. Migration of people results in confrontation with diseases that are not frequent in the countries of destination and becomes a challenge for p...

Hairless nude mice are immunodeficient because they lack a thymus. The nude gene has now been identified; it encodes a winged-helix transcription factor that is expressed specifically in skin and thymus.

Four patients who had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and who were evaluated for headache within a 3-week period had false-positive results of serum cryptococcal antigen tests. This cluster of false-positive test results appeared to be due to inactivation of the pronase vial in the test kit, a cause that has not been reported previously.

Twenty-five years after the discovery and isolation of the human immunodeficiency virus by French and American scientists, much progress has been made in basic research, clinical treatment, and public health prevention measures for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Here, we summarize, in brief, advances that have been achieved and provide some perspectives on future challenges.

There is a large number of immunodeficient patients requiring lifelong IgG replacement. This review is focused on currently available Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations, manufacturing procedures, dose arrangements, mechanisms of actions, benefits of antibody replacement treatment and careful administration of IVIG considering, numerous side effects. Subcutaneous IgG (SCIG) treatment...

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