Armadillo, the Drosophila homologue of vertebrate beta-catenin, plays a pivotal role both in Wingless signaling and in assembly of adherens junctions. We performed the first in vivo structure-function study of an adherens junction protein, by generating and examining a series of Armadillo mutants in the context of the entire animal. We tested each mutant by assaying its biological function, its...

background: macrophage immune responses are affected by the secretory proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). this study aimed to examine the immune responses of macrophages to mtb secretory antigens, namely esat-6, cfp-10, and esat-6/cfp-10. methods: thp-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line) were cultured and differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. the cytotoxic...

The epithelial sheet is a structural unit common to many tissues. Its organization appears to depend on the function of the multi-protein complexes that form adherens junctions. Elegant cell biological experiments have provided support for hypotheses explaining the function of adherens junctions and of their components. These systems, however, lack the ability to test function within an entire ...

insect immunity comprises behavioral, physical and innate immunity. in this study, innate immune response of the greater wax moth larvae, galleria mellonella against two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, heterorhabditis bacteriophora and steinernema feltiae,   as important biocontrol agents were studied. total haemocyte count in larvae injected with h. bacteriophora increased immediately. ...

We assume that the ontological structure of the common-sense world, and thus of human knowledge about this world, is organized in networks rather than in hierarchies. Thus, using the taxonomies that semantic relations generate in WordNet as the only source for the reconstruction of ontological information must fail at some point. Comparing the ontological structures underlying roles to WordNet ...

INTRODUCTION A key node in number of essential cellular processes in eukaryotes, Armadillo was originally characterized in Drosophila as the component of Wingless/Wnt signal transduction pathway (NussleinVolhard and Wieschaus, 1980). β-catenin is the mammalian homolog of Armadillo playing dual role in structural and transcriptional regulation during embryonic development (Conacci-Sorrell et al....

The midbrain of the armadillo has received little consideration from comparative neurologists, although the pretectal nucleus was described by Papez ('32) in his study of the diencephalon of this form. The general development of the nervous system in this mammal had been considered much earlier by Newman and Patterson ('10). Papez called attention to the fact that in many ways the brain of the ...

BACKGROUND Neural development requires that neurons communicate and co-operate with one another and with other cell types in their environment. Drosophila Armadillo and its vertebrate homolog beta-catenin have dual roles in epithelial cells: transducing signals from the Wingless/Wnt family of proteins and working with cadherins to mediate cell adhesion. Wingless/Wnt signaling also directs certa...