Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an infectious disease that is caused by the human immuno deficiency virus (HIV). The virus affects and destroys the immune system and causes infected people to become more prone to opportunistic infections (Lindsay 2001:S4). Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) is the worst affected area in the world, with 64% of all people with HIV living in SSA (Joint United ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). When people infected with tuberculosis cough, sneeze, talk or spit, the bacilli are propelled into the air. Each person with active TB disease will infect on average between 10 and 15 people every year. But people infected with TB bacilli will not necessarily become sick with the disease. The immun...

Cryptosporidiosis is classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an emerging infectious pathogen (Guerrant, 1997). Initially, Cryptosporidium parvum was believed to be only an occupational hazard of people exposed to infected animals, but it is now known to cause illness or disease both in immune competent and immune compromised people. Cryptosporidiosisis one of the most co...

evidence showed that chemokines serve as pro-migratory factors for immune cells. ccl3, ccl4 and ccl5, as the main cc  chemokines subfamily members, activate immune cells through binding to cc chemokine receptor 5 or ccr5. macrophages, nk cells and t lymphocytes express ccr5 and thus, affected ccr5 expression or functions could be associated with altered immune responses. deletion of 32 base pai...

It has long been known that people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) not only may develop physical dependence but also may experience devastating long-term health problems. The most common and identifiable alcohol-associated health problems include liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, cardiomyopathies, neuropathies, and dementia. However, the lung also is adversely affected by alcohol abuse, a fact oft...

Evidence showed that chemokines serve as pro-migratory factors for immune cells. CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5, as the main CC  chemokines subfamily members, activate immune cells through binding to CC chemokine receptor 5 or CCR5. Macrophages, NK cells and T lymphocytes express CCR5 and thus, affected CCR5 expression or functions could be associated with altered immune responses. Deletion of 32 base pai...

artificial immune systems (ais) can be defined as soft computing systems inspired by immune system of vertebrates. immune system is an adaptive pattern recognition system. ais have been used in pattern recognition, machine learning, optimization and clustering. feature reduction refers to the problem of selecting those input features that are most predictive of a given outcome; a problem encoun...