Dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton are essential for immune cell function and a number of immune deficiencies have been linked to mutations, which disturb the actin cytoskeleton. In macrophages and dendritic cells, actin remodelling is critical for motility, phagocytosis and antigen presentation, however the actin binding proteins, which control antigen presentation have been poorly char...

Background Tumor antigen-specific CD4 T cells generally orchestrate and regulate innate and adaptive immune cells to provide immune surveillance against malignancy. However, activation of antigen-specific CD4 T cells is restricted at local tumor sites where antigen-presenting cells are frequently dysfunctional, which can cause rapid exhaustion of anti-tumor immune responses. Herein, we characte...

Backgrounds: Most of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections elicit poor immune responses and 75% to 85% of cases become chronic therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against HCV is of paramount importance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate co-administration of HCV non-Structural Protein 2 and IL-12 DNA vaccines in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: A plasmid encoding full-length HCV NS2 prot...

The influences of alveolar macrophages (AM) and pulmonary surfactant on the induction of immune responses via the airways were assessed. Mice were depleted of their AM by intratracheal instillation of multilamellar vesicles containing dichloromethylene-diphosphonate followed by intratracheal instillation of a T cell--dependent antigen, trinitrophenyl--keyhole limpet hemocyanin, in vesicles of v...

the aim of this study was to prepare a new formula of leishmania major (l. major) crude antigen and evaluate its effect on immune system. for this purpose l. major promastigotes were cultured, harvested, washed, and resuspended in physiologic saline and the suspensions were dispersed in five equal batches. 0.1 ml of various doses of the cocktail antigen were injected intradermaly in three group...

The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 5 individuals immune to typhus group rickettsiae and from 13 nonimmune individuals were stimulated in vitro for 7 days with typhus group rickettsial antigen (TGRA). At the end of day 7, lysis of the natural killer (NK)-susceptible target K562 by these PBMC was determined. As controls, PBMC from both groups of donors were cultured in vitro for 7...

During the individual development and exposure to infectious agents of organism, structural components thyroid gland can change significantly. In modern research, great importance is attached study mechanisms for maintaining morphological homeostasis ideas about its functional restructuring in response body's immune system various infections. The morpho-functional features newborn animals after...

Abstract Multi-analyte single cell technologies have potential to greatly accelerate antibody discovery by identifying antigen-specific B cells. Barcode Enabled Antigen Mapping (BEAM) provides a high-throughput, multimodal analysis of antigen-bound cells (BEAM-Ab) using 10x Genomics Chromium Single Cell Immune Profiling v2 Solution and novel computational approaches discover B-cell receptor (BC...