In the field of Image Quality Assessment (IQA), this paper examines a Reduced Reference (RRIQA) measure based on the bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition. The proposed measure belongs to Natural Scene Statistics (NSS) modeling approaches. First, the reference image is decomposed into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF); the authors then use the Generalized Gaussian Density (GGD) to model IMF ...

BACKGROUND When the inframammary fold (IMF) is excised in mastectomy procedures for oncologic reasons, it must be recreated to restore a natural breast shape. Despite refinements in surgical techniques, postoperative loss of a well-defined IMF can occur. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of IMF recreation after two-stage, implant-based breast reconstruction. METHODS We retrospectively r...

Cusp properties during periods of By dominant IMF are investigated, since previous studies focus mostly on IMF Bz. The model-data comparisons for various IMF configurations show that the model captures the large-scale features of the particle precipitation very well, not only in the cusp region, but also in other open-field line regions such as the mantle, polar rain, and openfield line low-alt...

BACKGROUND Fat infiltration within skeletal muscle is known as intramuscular fat (IMF), which increases with aging. Studies have assessed IMF content, using the mid-thigh as a representative location. However, three-dimensional IMF distribution is not well understood. The aim of this study was to compare the IMF content in young and old adults by assessing its distribution along the length of t...

We obtain constraints on the slope of a universal stellar initial mass function (IMF) over a range of cosmic star-formation histories (SFH) using z ≈ 0.1 luminosity densities in the range from 0.2μm to 2.2μm. The age-IMF degeneracy of integrated spectra of stellar populations can be broken for the Universe as a whole by using direct measurements of (relative) cosmic SFH from high-redshift obser...

We derive the expectation value for the maximum stellar mass (mmax) in an ensemble of N stars, as a function of the IMF upper-mass cutoff (mup) and N . We statistically demonstrate that the upper IMF of the local massive star census observed thus far in the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds clearly exhibits a universal upper mass cutoff around 120− 200 M⊙ for a Salpeter IMF, although the result i...

A single-slope Salpeter IMF overpredicts the stellar M∗/LB ratio by about a factor of 2, which requires the IMF to be flatter below ∼ 1M⊙. On the other hand a Salpeter IMF for M > ∼ M⊙ predicts an evolution with redshift of the fundamental plane of ellipticals in clusters which is in agreement with the observations and a formation at z > ∼ 3 for these galaxies. A Salpeter IMF for 1 < ∼ M < ∼ 40...

We propose that the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is universal in the sense that its functional form arises as a consequence of the statistics of random supersonic flows. A model is developed for the origin of the stellar IMF, that contains a dependence on the average physical parameters (temperature, density, velocity dispersion) of the large scale site of star formation. The model is ba...

When the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) encounters the Earth’s magnetosphere, it is compressed and distorted. This distortion is known as draping, and plays an important role in the interaction between the IMF and the geomagnetic field. This paper considers a particular aspect of draping, namely how the orientation of the IMF in a plane perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line (the clock angle)...

Selection criteria for yearling bulls commonly include indicators of fertility and carcass merit, such as scrotal circumference (SC) and intramuscular fat percentage (IMF). Genetic correlation estimates between ultrasound traits such as IMF and carcass marbling score (MS) with fertility traits SC and heifer pregnancy (HP) have not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to est...