The Multi-Country Evaluation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) includes studies of the effectiveness, cost, and impact of the IMCI strategy in Bangladesh, Brazil, Peru, Tanzania, and Uganda. Seven questions were addressed when the evaluation was designed: who would be in charge, through what mechanisms IMCI could affect child health, whether the focus would be efficacy or...

BACKGROUND Despite evidence supporting Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) as a strategy to improve pediatric care in countries with high child mortality, its implementation faces challenges related to lack of or poor post-didactic training supervision and gaps in necessary supporting systems. These constraints lead to health care workers' inability to consistently translate IMCI ...

Guidelines for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) in peripheral health facilities have been developed by WHO and UNICEF to improve the recognition and treatment of common causes of childhood death. To evaluate the impact of the guidelines on treatment costs, we compared the cost of drugs actually prescribed to a sample of 747 sick children aged 2-59 months in rural health fac...

BACKGROUND Pneumonia substantially kills children aged 2-59 months in South Sudan. However, information on health workers adherence to Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) guideline in treating children with cough/difficulty in breathing remains scarce. This study assessed factors associated with adherence to IMCI guideline in Aweil East County, South Sudan. METHODS This cross-...

Objective To determine whether the fever module in the WHO/UNICEF guidelines for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) identifies children with bacterial infections in an area of low malaria prevalence. Methods Physicians assessed a systematic sample of 669 sick children aged 2–59 months who presented to the outpatient department of Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Bangladesh. Findings Ha...

BACKGROUND Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death in Nigerian children under 5 years. Implementing the most cost-effective approach to diarrhoea management in Nigeria will help optimize health care resources allocation. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of various approaches to diarrhoea management namely: the 'no treatment' approach (NT); the preventive approach with rotavirus vaccine...

Under-five mortality in Nepal remains high, at approximately 100 deaths per 1,000 live births, and as in other high mortality settings, pneumonia is a leading cause of childhood death. However, Nepal is an exceptional example of donorlMOWNGO partnership on a large scale to reduce childhood deaths through case management at the community-level. Nepal's CB-IMCI initiative has grown out of experie...

Competitiveness of sporting contests is key to attract fan interest. However, limited research compared levels competitiveness in men’s and women’s sports. This study focuses on the evolution intra-match competitive balance (IMCB) intensity (IMCI) UEFA Men’s Women’s Champions League (UMCL UWCL). Data were initially collected for 3299 games over 2001–2019 (2314 UMCL; 985 UWCL) analyse within bet...