in the world history, from ancient times up to now, the plague has been followed by heavy casualties on human societies and social order. one of the deadliest plagues is the great plague of the middle ages, or so-called black death. this plague, in the eighth and ninth ah (fourteenth and fifteenth century ad) swept over some large areas of asia, especially the middle east, as well as europe, an...

although ilkhanids (1256-1353 ce) initially selected maraghe and then tabriz as their capital, the thought of founding a new city as a symbol of their kingdom encouraged them to establish soltanieh. ghazan khan’s goal of constructing the newly-built capital was accomplished during uljayto’s kingdom; a project that lasted for about 10 years (704-713 ah). although soltanieh’s fast development mad...

the era of sadradin mosa safavi (1334-1389) coincided with disintegration of the ilkhanid dynasty and the start of the fatrat period one of the most important periods in which the safavid family tried to preserve and expand their properties and possessions resorting to popular actions like building sufis’ house and monastery. during this period not only sadrodin made conscious efforts to expa...

shape is regarded as one of outward characteristics of islamic seals. this characteristic, which is part of common traits of all different areas of seal studies, could be defined as framework of circumference of seals impression on written materials and documents, which in fact results from the shape of seals surfaces. shape has been considered as one of the ways of recognizing the administrati...

the subject of this paper is the analysis of islamic period earthenware of iran containing decorative designs of women. the basic goal of the paper is recognition of determining factors to use these figures and also responding to important questions such as: in which islamic periods women’s figures can be seen? and what features and factors have been influential in applying them? answering thes...