Iron and nitrogen containing carbon catalysts were prepared by the pyrolysis of iron(III)tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin complex adsorbed on as-received as well as nitric acid treated carbon black and employed them as oxygen reduction electrodes for hydrogen-oxygen PEM fuel cells. The influence of carbon surface functional groups on the dispersion of active species and electrocatalytic performance ...

Brazil is currently confronted with the perspective of significant increase on ethanol fuel demand. This forecast is based on three main points: i) the success of flexible-fuel vehicles that can run on any proportion of gasoline (E20-E25 blend) and hydrous ethanol (E100), together with the mandatory E25 blend throughout the country which allowed ethanol fuel consumption to achieve more than 50%...

Atmospheric iron (Fe) can be a significant source of nutrition for phytoplankton inhabiting remote oceans, which in turn has a large influence on the Earth’s climate. The bioavailability of Fe in aerosols depends mainly on the fraction of soluble Fe (= [FeSol]/[FeTotal], where [FeSol] and [FeTotal] are the atmospheric concentrations of soluble and total Fe, respectively). However, the numerous ...

The ability to define in-field tractor load states offers the potential to better specify and characterize fuel consumption rate for various field operations. For the same field operation, the tractor experiences diverse load demands and corresponding fuel use rates as it maneuvers through straight passes, turns, suspended operation for adjustments, repair and maintenance, and biomass or other ...

reduction of exhaust emissions is a major research task in diesel engine development in view of increasing concerns regarding environmental protection and stringent exhaust gas regulations. simultaneousreduction of nox emissions and particulate matter is quite difficult due to the soot/nox trade-off and isoften accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. towards this aim, automotive engineers ha...

aminocarboxylic acids, such as 2-aminobenzoic acid, react easily with [ir(cod)(pme3)3]cl, (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene), in thf to produce hydridoaminocarboxylato iridium(iii) complexes in high yields. these octahedral complexes are formed via oxidative addition reaction of the o-h bond of the carboxylic group with the central metal. the starting iridium(i) complex losses the cod molecule, the chlor...

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Plasma-activated fuel cell operation is examined using dielectric-barrier discharges introduced into the inlet fuel and air streams of laboratory proton exchange membrane (PEM) based devices. We compare the performance of the hydrogen-driven-PEM fuel cell in the presence/absence of the plasma discharge, and under conditions of three different types of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). The r...