Genetic networks provide new mechanistic insights into the diversity of species morphology. In this study, we have integrated the MGI, GEO, and miRNA database to analyze the genetic regulatory networks under morphology difference of integument of humans and mice. We found that the gene expression network in the skin is highly divergent between human and mouse. The GO term of secretion was highl...

BACKGROUND Breast cancers contain a minority population of cancer cells characterized by CD44 expression but low or undetectable levels of CD24 (CD44+CD24-/low) that have higher tumorigenic capacity than other subtypes of cancer cells. METHODS We compared the gene-expression profile of CD44+CD24-/low tumorigenic breast-cancer cells with that of normal breast epithelium. Differentially express...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Image-guided surgery (IGS) systems are frequently utilized during cranial base surgery to aid in orientation and facilitate targeted surgery. We wished to assess the performance of our recently developed localized intraoperative virtual endoscopy (LIVE)-IGS prototype in a preclinical setting prior to deployment in the operating room. This system combines real-time ablative...

In this Letter we report on fabricating and analyzing a temperature insensitive refractometer based on two concatenated dual-resonance long-period gratings (LPGs) with an appropriate inter-grating space (IGS) in between. The IGS provides a temperature-dependent extra phase difference between the core and cladding modes, making the refractometer similar to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with its ...

5S ribosomal RNA gene repeats are arranged in heterochromatic arrays (5S rDNA) situated near the centromeres of Arabidopsis chromosomes. The chromatin remodeling factor DDM1 is known to maintain 5S rDNA methylation patterns while silencing transcription through 5S rDNA intergenic spacers (IGS). We mapped small-interfering RNAs (siRNA) to a composite 5S rDNA repeat, revealing a high density of s...

The influences of initial grain size (IGS) with 20 µm and 50 on the hot flow behavior microstructural changes pure copper were investigated using compression tests at a temperature range 623–1073 K strain rate 0.001–0.1 s?1. effects critical stress corresponding studied based internal external processing parameters. decreased increasing decreasing rate. investigation results microstructure true...

More than 20 Synechococcus and Cyanobium isolates were obtained from central European subalpine lakes and sequenced for their 16S rRNA gene and part of the phycocyanin operon (cpc), specifically the intergenic spacer (IGS) between cpcB and cpcA, and corresponding flanking regions (cpcBA-IGS). Maximum-likelihood analyses revealed the existence of at least six to seven clusters of nonmarine picoc...