PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN is the traditional name given to the ancestor language of the Indo-European family that is spread from Iceland to Chinese Turkestan and from Scandinavia to the Near East. A PROTO-LANGUAGE (Gk. prõtos ‘first’) refers to the earliest form of a language family presupposed by all of its descendants. There will forever be major gaps in the reconstruction of proto-languages, but a...

* Ronald Koenig Term Assistant Professor of Legal Studies, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. A.B., Harvard University; J.D., LL.M. (foreign and international law), Duke University. 1 The World Trade Organization came into existence on January 1, 1995. It was the culmination of over seven years of multilateral trade negotiations known as the Uruguay Round. The Uruguay Round c...

In this paper we introduce an extension of the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning model to study the problem of learning inclusion hierarchies of concepts (sometimes called is-a hierarchies) from random examples. Using only the hypothesis representations output over many different runs of a learning algorithm, we wish to reconstruct the partial order (with respect to generality) amon...

The book first sets forth the policies and practical considerations underlying the current international and national trading regimes, including a description of what Professor Jackson calls the “constitutional structure” of the national and world trading systems. In addition, the book describes the procedures and practices of dispute resolution. The international focus of the book is largely o...

This paper describes SimpleNLG-EnFr, an adaption of the English realisation engine SimpleNLG (Gatt and Reiter, 2009) for bilingual English-French realisation. Grammatical similarities between English and French that could be exploited and specifics of French that needed adaptation are discussed.