Ichthyosaurs, a lineage of extinct Mesozoic marine reptiles, have garnered attention in both the palaeontological and developmental literature for the unique limb morphology seen in derived genera. These morphologies include an increase in the number of phalanges per digit (hyperphalangy) and in the number of digits (hyperdactyly), but most interestingly also a shift in element identity. Elemen...

This long-lasting point in his life due to economic developments, social and cultural development of the Industrial Revolution, the foundation has been transformed. Today, the need for rehabilitation and restoration of these islands what the city increases, the need to develop a coherent and logical connection between the old and new areas to preserve and enhance the integrity and identity of...

the chechen republic (commonly referred to as chechnya) is a part of vast territory of russian federation that has been a source of contention since collapse of the soviet :union:. identity elements and tattered cultural bonds have strained ties between two nations of chechnya and russia. various aspects of crisis in chechnya have been addressed by many theoretical approaches of international r...

For any reduced commutative $f$-ring with identity and bounded inversion, we show that a condition which is obviously necessary for the socle of the ring to coincide with the socle of its bounded part, is actually also sufficient. The condition is that every minimal ideal of the ring consist entirely of bounded elements. It is not too stringent, and is satisfied, for instance, by rings of ...

This paper studies the algebraic structure of transposition hypergroups with idempotent identity. Their subhypergroups and their properties are examined. Right, left and double cosets are defined through symmetric subhypergroups and their properties are studied. Further- more, this paper examines the homomorphisms, the behaviour of attrac- tive and non-attractive elements through them, as well ...

Dependent type theory associates to any elements x, y of a type A an identity type x =A y, the type of proofs of equality of these elements. In PER Martin-Löf’s extensional type theory, the identity type is a subsingleton inhabited precisely when x and y are judgmentally equal. Semantically, types are thus sets equipped with equivalence relations given by their identity types. Groupoid Martin-L...

OBJECTIVE To examine, for dominant Australian cigarette brands, brand identity (overriding brand vision), brand positioning (brand identity elements communicated to the consumer), brand image (consumers' brand perceptions) and brand equity (financial value). DESIGN Tobacco industry documents, articles from retail trade publications since 1990, and current brand advertising from retail trade p...

By the start of 21st century, majority world’s population was living in cities. Therefore, a top priority has been solving problem connecting parts city divided by traffic infrastructure shortest possible manner using pedestrian paths. The aim this study to analyze, systematize, and typologically define specific types structures that make possible, specifically bridges located above roads railw...