sa'adi shirazi, as one of the greatest persian poets, was also fluent in arabic language. despite his fluency in arabic, he has few poems in this language; however these few poems show his high position among iranian poets who composed in arabic. metaphor as an important rhetoric figure would be analyzed in sa’adi’s poems to show how much the manner of metaphor use, both in terms of form o...

Introduction: Cognitive linguists believe that metaphor is a cognitive phenomenon, and that what appears in language is just the aspect of cognitive phenomenon Metaphor is one of the basic interdisciplinary concepts that has been paid more attention to its fundamental role in various aspects of psychology, medicine, including cancer in recent years. Methods:. From the point of view of cognitiv...

when studying russian morphology, one can distinguish two categories. these categories are “grammatical” and “lexico-grammatical”. grammatical categories can be specified through a series of grammatical features of words. considering different criteria, russian grammarians and linguists divide grammatical categories of their language into different types. in determining lexico-grammatical types...

Considerable literature explores the contribution of genre teaching in English academic writing. The role of this approach in developing academic writing of Iranian EFL students, however, has been underresearched. This study investigated the implications of using this approach with a class of undergraduate students in Iran. The current study reports on the findings of a project which employed a...

there have been two custom views on the relation of metaphor and philosophy.some philosophers (esp.analytical philosophers)take metaphor dispensable,and tend to philosophical texts without metaphor,constituted on proper usage of words. others take metaphor indispensable as the foundation of philosophical concepts.this attitude usually implies reducing philosophy to mythological discourse and in...

1. introduction metaphor definition in islamic rhetoric has similarities with the theories of metaphor in the west. these similarities do not mean that the traditional definition still works so that rethinking of definition and providing new definitions is not necessary anymore. such an approach certainly will not be promising. the result of these efforts will enclose metaphor in the realm of r...

Vegetarianism provides a model system to examine the impact of negative affect towards meat, based on ideational reasoning. It was hypothesized that meat stimuli are efficient attention catchers in vegetarians. Event-related brain potential recordings served to index selective attention processes at the level of initial stimulus perception. Consistent with the hypothesis, late positive potentia...