BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend a single inhaler maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART) regimen for moderate to severe asthma. However, evidence for the inhaled corticosteroid plus fast-onset-acting β2-agonist (ICS/FABA) as reliever therapy in management of intermittent and mild asthma patients is lacking. OBJECTIVE To systematically explore efficacy and safety of the proof-of-conce...

BACKGROUND The role of long-acting β-agonists (LABA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the management of asthma is extensively debated. We thought to assess the risk of asthma-related hospitalisation in individuals who regularly filled prescriptions for ICS+LABA compared to those who regularly filled prescriptions for ICS alone or LABA alone, and compared to those who did not regularly ...

combination of ICS/LABA, even a LAMA alone has a comparable efficacy without any increase of pneumonia risk 3. The combination of ICS/LABA has raised the issue of pneumonia since the clinical trial of TORCH 1. For the patients with COPD, the component of ICS among ICS/LABA increases the risk of pneumonia although most of the studies have pointed out fluticasone propionate, a potent ICS, as the ...

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most effective therapy for asthma currently available. The increasing use of ICS raises the issue of possible adverse systemic effects. Since one of the most important side-effects of oral corticosteroids (OCS) is osteoporosis, this article focuses on current knowledge of the effects of ICS on bone. Generally, doses higher than 1.0 mg/day cause a dose-depen...

Retrospective prescribing data were obtained from 46 general practice surgeries in NHS Scotland. Patients with asthma who were naïve to previous long-acting β agonist therapy and initiated combination inhaler therapy in 2008-2009 were classified according to the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose in their combination inhaler compared with the highest dose of ICS they received before initiation. ...

Abstract The Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) has emerged as one the prominent technologies in development future ocean monitoring systems, where mobile edge elements (such autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)) provide a promising method for data collection from sensor nodes. However, an important part UIoT, wireless networks (UWSNs) are severely affected by dynamic environment. For instan...

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, associated neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation are considered as the important factors which lead to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Icariside II (ICS II), an active flavonoid compound derived from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, has been extensively used to treat erectile dysfunction, osteoporosis and dementia in traditional Chinese medicine. Rec...

The two key pathophysiologic features of asthma are bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and airway inflammation. Symptoms and lung function are the most accessible clinical markers for the diagnosis of asthma as well as for assessing asthma control using the most effective treatment of asthma, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). However, BHR and inflammation usually take longer to resolve using ICS ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting inhaled bronchodilators (IBD) are beneficial for the management of COPD. Although ICS has been reported to increase the risk of pneumonia in patients with COPD, it remains controversial whether it influences mortality. Using a Japanese national database, we examined the association between preadmission ICS therapy and in-ho...

BACKGROUND Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive and incurable form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Despite initial intense chemotherapy, up to 50% of cases of MCL relapse often in a chemoresistant form. We hypothesized that the recently identified MCL-initiating cells (MCL-ICs) are the main reason for relapse and chemoresistance of MCL. Cancer stem cell-related pathways such as Wnt could be r...