We describe an apparatus designed for obtaining precise measurements of the growth rates of ice crystals from water vapor over a range of experimental conditions. Our aim is to produce clean, high-quality test crystals in a well controlled environment for investigating the detailed molecular dynamics that controls the basic physics of ice crystal growth. In this paper we describe the nucleation...

Ice formation inside or outside cells during cryo-preservation has been proved to be the main cause for cryo-injury to cells. A high voltage DC electric field combined with a cryomicroscopic stage was used in this study. Dendritic ice crystals became asymmetric with the addition of electric field. DMSO and NaCl solutions were tested under different electric field strengths ranging from 83kV/m t...

This paper describes observations of subvisible cirrus (SVC) clouds with the NASA WB-57F aircraft during the Costa Rica Aura Validation Experiment (CR-AVE) in 2006. SVC clouds were encountered and characterised with state-of-the-art optical array imageing probes in extended areas of the tropical tropopause layer with temperatures as low as −90◦C. Nearly spherical crystal shapes were measured fo...

Abstract. Precipitation over the mid-latitudes originates mostly from ice phase within mixed-phase clouds, signifying importance of initial crystal formation. Primary crystals are formed on ice-nucleating particles (INPs), which measurements suggest sparsely populated in troposphere. INPs emitted by a large number ground-based sources into atmosphere, where they can be lifted up to cloud height...

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTARCTIC SEA ICE AND SOUTH-WESTERN AFRICAN CLIMATE STUUT, Jan-Berend W., Research Center Ocean Margins, Bremen Univ, P.O. Box 330440, Bremen, 28334, Germany, [email protected], CROSTA, Xavier, DGO, UMR-CNRS 5805 EPOC, Université de Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultés, Talence Cedex, 33405, France, VAN DER BORG, Klaas, Robert J. Van de Graaff Laboratory, Utrecht Uni...

Series of infrared extinction spectra of ice crystals were recorded in the 6000–800 cm −1 wavenumber regime during expansion cooling experiments in the large aerosol and cloud chamber AIDA of Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. Either supercooled sulphuric acid solution droplets or dry mineral dust particles were added as seed aerosols to 5 initiate ice formation after having established ice supersatu...

The aerosol chamber AIDA was used as a moderate expansion cloud chamber with cooling rates at the onset of ice nucleation between –1.3 and –3.0 K min−1 to investigate the nucleation and growth of ice crystals in sulphuric acid, ammonium sulphate, and mineral dust aerosols at temperatures between 196 and 224 K. Supercooled sulphuric acid droplets with mean diameters of about 0.2 to 0.3 μm nuclea...

In this study, a modelling approach was used to investigate the cause of the diversion of erratic boulders from Mont Blanc and southern Valais by the Valais Glacier to the Solothurn lobe during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model, we simulated the ice flow field during the LGM, and analyzed the trajectories taken by erratic boulders from areas with characteristic ...