abstract in this study the possibility of utilizing date syrup as a sugar replacer in soft ice-cream was investigated. for this purpose control sample was formulated based on iranian ice- cream standard. data syrup which produced from third grade kabkab dates, replaced sucrose in four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%). physical properties including overrun, viscosity and freezing point (drawing temp...

We present experimental and simulated 2D IR spectra of some high-pressure forms of isotope-pure D2O ice and compare the results to those of ice Ih published previously [F. Perakis and P. Hamm, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 6250 (2012); L. Shi et al., ibid. 18, 3772 (2016)]. Ice II, ice V, and ice XIII have been chosen for this study, since this selection covers many aspects of the polymorphism of...

The theory of sea ice thickness distribution developed by Thorndike et al. has been extended to include sea ice enthalpy distribution. The extended theory conserves both ice mass and thermal energy, in the form of the heat stored in the ice, by jointly solving a thickness-distribution equation and an enthalpy-distribution equation. Both equations have been implemented in a one-dimensional dynam...

Traditionally, ice I was considered to exist in two well-defined crystalline forms at ambient pressure: stable hexagonal ice (ice Ih) and metastable cubic ice (ice Ic). However, it is becoming increasingly evident that what has been called cubic ice in the past does not have a structure consistent with the cubic crystal system. Instead, it is a stacking-disordered material containing cubic sequ...

A new sea ice algorithm, Environment Canada’s Ice Concentration Extractor (ECICE), combines several different satellite sensors to extract ice types and concentrations. Results are presented for the Arctic region during the ice growth season of 2007/08. Three ice types are specified: young, first year and multi year. The algorithm was applied using AMSR-E (36.5 GHz channel) combined with backsc...

to mutate the ice nucleation active (ina) gene in erwinia herbicola strains, tn-5 transposon carried by psup2021 plasmid was used. this plasmid was transferred to the bacterial cells by electroporation. electrotransformation was carried out for 2.5 ms at 1800 v and 1 mm distance between the electrodes. polymerase chain reaction was used for determination of presence or loss of ina gene, using a...

The region of sea ice near the edge of the sea ice pack is known as the marginal ice zone (MIZ), and its dynamics are complicated by ocean wave interaction with the ice cover, strong gradients in the atmosphere and ocean and variations in sea ice rheology. This paper focuses on the role of sea ice rheology in determining the dynamics of the MIZ. Here, sea ice is treated as a granular material w...

yoghurt ice cream (yic) or frozen yoghurt dessert can be regarded as a healthy alternative to plain ice cream. also use of soy derived products in food formulations can lead to the development of products of improved nutritional and health promoting values. yoghurt ice cream was prepared using full-fat soy flour to substitute 55% of non fat dry milk content. product formulation comprised of 12%...

Ice nucleation and growth is an important and widespread environmental process. Accordingly, nature has developed means to either promote or inhibit ice crystal formation, for example ice-nucleating proteins in bacteria or ice-binding antifreeze proteins in polar fish. Recently, it was found that birch pollen release ice-nucleating macromolecules when suspended in water. Here we show that birch...

Marine ice sheets are continental ice masses resting on bedrock below sea level. Their dynamics are similar to those of land-based ice sheets except that they must couple with the surrounding floating ice shelves at the grounding line, where the ice reaches a critical flotation thickness. In order to predict the evolution of the grounding line as a free boundary, two boundary conditions are req...