Regulated proteolysis is a key event in transmembrane signalling between intercellular compartments. In Escherichia coli, a protein DegS has been identified as being a periplasmic stress sensor for unfolded or misfolded outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Activation of DegS initiates a proteolytic cascade which results in the transcription of periplasmic genes under sigmaE control, most importantly...

The molecular box [CpCo(CN)3]4[Cp*Ru]4 (Co4Ru4) reacts readily with a variety of monocations to form M Co4Ru4 (M1⁄4Kþ, Csþ, Rbþ). Ion competition experiments, monitored by ESI-MS, show that the molecular box binds the smaller Kþ more rapidly than Csþ, but that thermodynamically Co4Ru4 prefers the larger ion. The rates of ion-insertion for K þ and Csþ into Co4Ru4 were found to qualitatively foll...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Information about disease incidence is indispensable for the active prevention and control of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study was to provide basic information for the establishment of policy related to AMI by examining the long-term trends in incidence of AMI. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study identified the trend in disease incidence durin...

A randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 1015– 1020 7. Tepel M, Van Der Giet M, Schwarzfeld C et al. Prevention of radiographic-contrast-agent-induced reductions in renal function by acetylcysteine. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 180–184 8. Merten GJ, Burgess WP, Gray LV et al. Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 200...

We analyze whether funding bodies are biased against diverse teams, which have often been linked to the production of transformative research. We develop a general framework that compares the drivers of success in the ex-ante grant decision process to the drivers of success in ex-post performance. We use our framework to systematically analyze the decisions of one of the major public funding or...

Up or Out: Research Incentives and Career Prospects of Postdocs in Germany Academic careers in Germany have been under debate for a while. We conduct a survey among postdocs in Germany, to analyze the perceptions and attitudes of postdocs regarding their research incentives, their working conditions, and their career prospects. We conceptualize the career prospects of a postdoc in a life-cycle ...

We evaluate the impact of joint-liability incentives in the classroom using a randomized field experiment. The instructor designs groups of three students in the classroom and provides a premium to their homework's grade only if all three members of the group meet some requirements. To isolate the joint-liability effect from selfish motivations, we also design an individual incentives treatment...

Phasing of novel macromolecular crystal structures has been challenging since the start of structural biology. Making use of anomalous diffraction of natively present elements, such as sulfur and phosphorus, for phasing has been possible for some systems, but hindered by the necessity to access longer X-ray wavelengths in order to make most use of the anomalous scattering contributions of these...

The impact of the pandemic on higher education activities is a major concern around world. Higher obliged to carry out necessary measures adaptation, innovation, and management change, which are promoted by leaders at various levels. leadership further committed encouraging transformative changes meet students’ most critical needs. Leadership expected be able use all resources in organization, ...

Tema principal del artículo: Siendo la hermenéutica una de las corrientes más importantes en investigación y estudio ciencias humanas, se contrapone a corriente hermética, menos prestigio académico y, supuestamente, menor rigor científico. Sin embargo, el artículo muestra un gran número autores estudios que avalan acercamiento los humanísticos manera próxima tradición hermética. En ellos, uso t...