Four chordate characters — dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, gill slits, and endostyle — are compared morphologically, molecularly, and functionally with similar structures in hemichordates to assess their putative homologies. The dorsal hollow nerve cord and enteropneust neurocord are probably homoplasies. The neurocord (= collar cord) may be an autapomorphy of Enteropneusta that innervates...

With several diagnostic methods, i.e. ultrasonography of the breast Sir, and visceral organs, mammography and subsequent cytological examCutaneous metastases in carcinoma of the breast usually arise ination, CT of the lungs, skeletal scintigraphy, a diagnosis was made; from haematogenous or lymphatic dissemination; occasionally primary right breast adenocarcinoma with metastases on the skin, as...

It was revealed that a synthetic analogue of hypothalamic neurohormone, proline-rich polypeptide (PRP), possesses a regulatory activity on development of neurochemical, neurohormonal, immunomodulatory and morphofunctional impairments occurring in models of brain neurodegenerative disorders typical for Alzheimer’s disease. These data were obtained in models of aluminum neurotoxicosis and via int...