Intrinsic value is a concept central to the environmentalist movement. Whether one believes that natural objects have intrinsic value is supposed to determine whether one takes a ecocentric or homocentric approach to environmentalism, whether we practice deep or (merely) shallow ecology.  Yet this concept is also a center of controversy and confusion.  Just what does it mean for something to ha...

1.1 introduction “i see translation as the attempt to produce a text so transparent that it does not seem to be translated. a good translation is like a pane of glass. you only notice that it’s there when there are little imperfections- scratches, bubbles. ideally, there shouldn’t be any. it should never call attention to itself.” “norman shapiro” (venuti, 1995:1) edward fitzgerald is the br...

bekenstein and hawking by introducing temperature and every black hole has entropy and using the first law of thermodynamic for black holes showed that this entropy changes with the event horizon surface. bekenstein and hawking entropy equation is valid for the black holes obeying einstein general relativity theory. however, from one side einstein relativity in some cases fails to explain expe...

Increased life expectancy and reduced fertility rates have led to aging which is one of the main causes of the pension funds imbalances in Iran’s pension funds. In order to resolve these imbalances, some reforms are required. The first option is to use parametric reforms, such as changing contribution rates of the pension system. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of aging and c...

a significant problem in multicarrier communication systems is the necessity to reduce the value of papr (peak-to-average power ratio) of transmitting signal. in this thesis we study the effect of the system parameters such as coding and modulation types on papr and ultimate ber in a mc-cdma system. in this study we consider fading channel as well as the nonlinearity of transmitter’s amplifier ...

this thesis is based upon the works of samuel beckett. one of the greatest writers of contemporary literature. here, i have tried to focus on one of the main themes in becketts works: the search for the real "me" or the real self, which is not only a problem to be solved for beckett man but also for each of us. i have tried to show becketts techniques in approaching this unattainable goal, base...