BACKGROUND Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentration of LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulated hormone) in the setting of hypogonadism. A number of pathologic processes cause Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism but it can also occur as a part of various congenital syndromes. Objectives. To characterize the morphotypes and the hormona...

Oxidative stress is involved both in metabolic syndrome and male infertility. Hypogonadism is also associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. To investigate the role of gonadal steroids in systemic antioxidant regulation, we determined plasma CoenzymeQ(10) (CoQ(10)) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in postsurgical hypopituitaric patients. Twenty-six patients aged 28-55 years...

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered the most important public health threat of the 21st century. This syndrome is characterized by a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors including increased central abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein, high blood pressure, increased fasting glucose, and hyperinsulinemia. These factors increase the risk of cardiov...

It is well recognized that bone loss accelerates in hypogonadal states, with female menopause being the classic example of sex hormones affecting the regulation of bone metabolism. Underrepresented is our knowledge of the clinical and metabolic consequences of overt male hypogonadism, as well as the more subtle age-related decline in testosterone on bone quality. While menopause and estrogen de...

In early fetal development, the testis secretes - independent of pituitary gonadotropins - androgens and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) that are essential for male sex differentiation. In the second half of fetal life, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis gains control of testicular hormone secretion. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) controls Sertoli cell proliferation, responsible for testis volume...

BACKGROUND We report a female patient with endocrine abnormalities, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and amazia (breasts aplasia/hypoplasia but normal nipples and areolas) in a rare syndrome: Van Maldergem syndrome (VMS). CASE PRESENTATION Our patient was first evaluated at age 4 for intellectual disability, craniofacial features, and auditory malformations. At age 15, she presented with no brea...

Sertoli cells are the most active cell population in the testis during infancy and childhood. In these periods of life, hypogonadism can only be evidenced without stimulation tests, if Sertoli cell function is assessed. AMH is a useful marker of prepubertal Sertoli cell activity and number. Serum AMH is high from fetal life until mid-puberty. Testicular AMH production increases in response to F...

In the prepubertal male, Sertoli cells are the most active testicular cell population. Without stimulation tests, prepubertal hypogonadism can only be evidenced if Sertoli cell function is assessed. Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is a distinctive marker of the prepubertal Sertoli cell. Serum AMH is high from fetal life until puberty. In postnatal life, AMH testicular production is stimulated by F...