Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes wilting and cankers, leading to severe economic losses in commercial tomato production worldwide. The disease is transmitted from infected seeds to seedlings and mechanically from plant to plant during seedling production, grafting, pruning, and harvesting. Because of the lack of tools for genetic manipulati...

Seedlings establishment at early growth stages of crop plants is severely affected by soil salinity. Therefore, high germination rate and vigorous early growth under salty soils is preferred. In this study germination and seedling growth of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was assessed using three replicates of 50 seeds in a factorial laid out in two separate experiments as Completely Ra...

Signals can be perceived and amplified at the cell membrane by receptors coupled to the production of a variety of second messengers, including myoinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)]. The myoinositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTases; EC 3.1.3.56) comprise a large protein family that hydrolyzes 5-phosphates from a variety of myoinositol phosphate (InsP) and phosphoinositide phosph...

Using a P-glucuronidase (CUS) reporter-COPl fusion transgene, it was shown previously that Arabidopsis COPl acts within the nucleus as a repressor of seedling photomorphogenic development and that light inactivation of COPl was accompanied by a reduction of COPl nuclear abundance (A.C. von Arnim, X.-W. Deng [I9941 Cell 79: 1035-1045). Here we report that the GUS-COPl fusion transgene can comple...

Using a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter-COP1 fusion transgene, it was shown previously that Arabidopsis COP1 acts within the nucleus as a repressor of seedling photomorphogenic development and that high inactivation of COP1 was accompanied by a reduction of COP1 nuclear abundance (A.G. von Arnim, X.-W. Deng [1994] Cell 79: 1035-1045). Here we report that the GUS-COP1 fusion transgene can comp...

The effects of increasing NaCl concentrations on biomass, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings were investigated. The fresh weights of cotyledons and radicles with increasing NaCl concentrations decreased progressively, and the fresh weight of hypocotyls reached the lowest level at NaCl concentration ...

The actin cytoskeleton is hypothesized to play a major role in gravity perception and transduction mechanisms in roots of plants. To determine whether actin microfilaments (MFs) are involved in these processes in stem-like organs, we studied gravitropism in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems and hypocotyls. Localization studies using Alexa Fluor-phalloidin in conjugation with confocal microscopy d...

Elongation of hypocotyls of sunflower can be promoted by gibberellins (GAs) and inhibited by ethylene. The role of these hormones in regulating elongation was investigated by measuring changes in both endogenous GAs and in the metabolism of exogenous [(3)H]- and [(2)H(2)]GA(20) in the hypocotyis of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv Delgren 131) seedlings exposed to ethylene. The major biologic...

A cDNA clone corresponding to a gibberellin-responsive gene (CRG16) was isolated from cucumber hypocotyls. CRG16 was deduced to encode an extremely hydrophobic protein of 65 amino acids. The deduced sequence exhibited no significant homology to other proteins. Levels of CRG16 mRNA reflected the gibberellin-induced elongation of cucumber hypocotyls.