INTRODUCTION Poorly treated or untreated maternal overt hyperthyroidism may affect pregnancy outcome. Fetal and neonatal hypo- or hyper-thyroidism and neonatal central hypothyroidism may complicate health issues during intrauterine and neonatal periods. AIM To review articles related to appropriate management of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy and lactation. METHODS A literature review was...

This chapter reviews the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism has multiple and often dramatic clinical manifestations because thyroid hormones control the basal metabolic rate, affect cardiovascular function by increasing the sensitivity of beta-receptors to catecholamines, and profoundly influence growth, sexual maturation, and n...

Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy are of outmost importance, because hyperthyroidism has major adverse impact on both mother and fetus. Since data on the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is rapidly evolving, two guidelines have been developed by the American Thyroid Association and the Endocrine society in the last 2 years. We compare here...

Thyrotoxicosis is a common disorder, especially in women. The most frequent cause is Graves' disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism). Other important causes include toxic nodular hyperthyroidism, due to the presence of one or more autonomously functioning thyroid nodules, and thyroiditis caused by inflammation, which results in release of stored hormones. Antithyroid drugs are the usual initial tr...

Hyperthyroidism is recognized as the most common endocrinopathy of older cats. Despite worldwide occurrence, the pathogenesis of feline hyperthyroidism remains unclear. Traditional methods of managing feline hyperthyroidism include thyroidectomy, anti-thyroid medications, and radioactive iodine. Recent studies document that another option now exists for hyperthyroid cats; feeding a limitediodin...

The term subclinical hyperthyroidism describes conditions characterized by a low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal levels of circulating thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine). Subclinical hyperthyroidism has the same causes as overt hyperthyroidism. These include excessive doses of levothyroxine, Graves’ disease, multinodular goiter, and solitary thyroid nodule. Most stud...

Radionuclide multigated cardiac imaging was performed to assess functional cardiac reserve in patients with hyperthyroidism. In 11 normal individuals, submaximl supine exercise increased heart rate (HR) by 60 percent, systolic blood pressure (BP) by 54 percent, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by 13 percent. All of these increments were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Ei...

Hyperthyroidism has many characteristic manifestations of various organ systems. Cardiovascular effects are frequent in these patients. A less known complication of hyperthyroidism is reversible right-sided heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. In the patient presented, the symptoms of atrial fibrillation and right-sided heart failure were the first manifestations of hyperthyroidism. Dopple...

Adequate concentrations of thyroid hormones are necessary for bone development and maturation whereas excess concentrations enhance bone turnover and cause osteoporosis [1]. Although this phenomenon is most obvious in patients with overt hyperthyroidism (H) some studies suggest that even mild subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) is associated with increased bone resorption [2] and accelerated bone ...

BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease is common in women, yet little is known about risk factors for the disease. We sought to determine whether lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, and body mass index, are risk factors for Graves' hyperthyroidism. METHODS This analysis was conducted using data from the Nurses' Health Study II, amo...