Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the metabolic abnormalities in high-risk stone formers. Methods This a retrospective observational done at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal, over 1-year period. High-risk formers were identified and evaluated with serum chemistries 24-h urinary chemical evaluation. Stone analysis also included whenever available. Common re...

Primary hyperoxaluria is a name given to a group of hereditary disorders characterized by increased synthesis and excretion of the metabolic end-product oxalate, and deposition of insoluble calcium oxalate (CaOx) in the kidney and urinary tract [1]. Only two of the primary hyperoxalurias have been well characterized—type 1 (PH1, MIM 259900) and type 2 (PH2, MIM260000). PH1 is caused by a defici...

Hyperoxaluria leads to calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization and development of tubulointerstitial lesions in the kidneys. Treatment of hyperoxaluric rats with angiotensin II (Ang II) type I receptor blocker (ARB) reduces lesion formation. Because Ang II mediates osteopontin (OPN) synthesis, which is involved in both macrophage recruitment and CaOx crystallization, it was hypothesized that ARB...

Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error based on absence, deficiency or mislocalization of the liver-specific peroxisomal enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT). Some mutations arevery rarely described in the adult patients as the 33-34InsC mutation, known as responsible for a terrible severe clinical feature that can lead to early death occurring the ...

Oxalate is a normal constituent of human urine. Since oxalate is found in many foods it has frequently been assumed that urinary oxalate is largely, if not entirely, of dietary origin. However, animal studies have shown that oxalate may arise endogenously, and glycine, glyoxylic acid, glycolic acid (3-5) and ascorbic acid (6, 7) have been shown to be precursors of urinary or tissue oxalate unde...

Oxalate nephropathy with renal failure is caused by multiple disorders leading to hyperoxaluria due to either overproduction of oxalate (primary hyperoxaluria) or excessive absorption of dietary oxalate (enteric hyperoxaluria). To study the etiology of renal failure in crystal-induced kidney disease, we created a model of progressive oxalate nephropathy by feeding mice a diet high in soluble ox...