A backcross model of New Zealand obese mice (NZO) with the lean, atherosclerosis-resistant SJL strain was established to locate genes responsible for obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes-like hyperglycemia. In male NZO x F1 backcross mice, a major susceptibility locus for the development of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia (Nidd/SJL) was identified on chromosome 4 between the marke...

OBJECTIVE Women exhibit exaggerated renal hemodynamic responses to hyperglycemia, which may promote kidney disease progression. Our aim was to determine if increased nitric oxide generation by l-arginine infusion would reverse this deleterious response to clamped hyperglycemia in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Renal function, blood pressure, and plasma cyclic...

1. Explain the relationship of the frequency of hyperglycemia with the birthweight and gestational age of the neonate. 2. List factors that may decrease glucose tolerance in the neonate. 3. Describe the major mechanism(s) contributing to altered regulation of neonatal glucose metabolism. 4. List the untoward effects of hyperglycemia in the neonate. 5. Describe the beneficial effects of insulin ...

Mortality increases when acute coronary syndromes are complicated by stress-induced hyperglycemia. Early pulse wave reflection can augment central aortic systolic blood pressure and increase left ventricular strain. Altered pulse wave reflection may contribute to the increase in cardiac risk during acute hyperglycemia. Chronic ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation has recently been shown to reduce...

Type 1 and type 2 diabetics have an enhanced renal vasodilator response to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition despite suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA), indicating possible activation of the intrarenal renin angiotensin system. To investigate the role of hyperglycemia, we evaluated the renal hemodynamic response to ACE inhibition in 9 healthy subjects in high-salt balance after...

Hyperglycemia has a profound effect on gastric motility. However, little is known about the site and mechanism that sense alteration in blood glucose level. The identification of glucose-sensing neurons in the nodose ganglia led us to hypothesize that hyperglycemia acts through vagal afferent pathways to inhibit gastric motility. With the use of a glucose-clamp rat model, we showed that glucose...

Hyperglycemia is a common problem in newborns undergoing intensive care, especially extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. There is a lack of consensus with regard to various aspects of management of neonatal hyperglycemia including definition, optimal management strategy as well as short and long term implications. We reviewed the current evidence in this regard. Recent studies suggest tha...

Aim To determine variables associated with hyperglycemia and insulin therapy in postoperative inpatients with diabetes mellitus following a quality-improvement initiative. Materials & methods Patients with diabetes mellitus following an elective surgical procedure (n = 782; 877 surgical procedures) were selected. Results Age, hemoglobin A1c corticosteroids, insulin therapy and year of surge...

The chronic and acute effects of hyperglycemia affecting cognition and work are as important as those of hypoglycemia. Its impact, considering that majority of diabetic patients fail to reach therapeutic targets, would be potentially significant. Self monitoring of blood glucose, recognition of body cues and management interventions should be geared not only towards avoidance of disabling hypog...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Admission hyperglycemia is associated with poor clinical outcome in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Admission hyperglycemia has not been investigated in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis. METHODS Consecutive adult patients with cerebral venous thrombosis were included at the Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands (2000-2014) and the Helsinki University Central...