Cushing’s syndrome is associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Irrespective of its cause, i.e. a pituitary adenoma, ectopic ACTH production or an adrenal neoplasia, Cushing’s syndrome is primarily treated surgically. However, when surgery is unsuccessful or contraindicated, medical therapy is needed to treat hypercortisolism. The spectrum of available drugs includes adrenal-bl...

Cushing's disease is considered a rare condition characterized by the hypersecretion of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) due to a pituitary adenoma that ultimately causes endogenous hypercortisolism by stimulating the adrenal glands. The clinical signs suggesting Cushing's disease, such as obesity, moon face, hirsutism, and facial plethora are already present on presentation. Endogenous h...

INTRODUCTION Cushing's syndrome results from inappropriate exposure to excessive glucocorticoids. Untreated, it has significant morbidity and mortality. CASE OUTLINE A 38-year-old woman with a typical appearance of Cushing's syndrome was admitted for further evaluation of hypercortisolism. The serum cortisol level was elevated without diurnal rhythm, without adequate suppression of cortisol a...

Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS), a rare endocrine disorder characterized by cortisol hypersecretion, is associated with psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders. Major depression, mania, anxiety, and neurocognitive impairment are the most important clinical abnormalities. Moreover, patients most often complain of impairment in quality of life, interference with family life, social, and work ...

Cushing's syndrome is associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Irrespective of its cause, i.e. a pituitary adenoma, ectopic ACTH production or an adrenal neoplasia, Cushing's syndrome is primarily treated surgically. However, when surgery is unsuccessful or contraindicated, medical therapy is needed to treat hypercortisolism. The spectrum of available drugs includes adrenal-bl...

Hypercortisolism induced by Cushing disease causes high morbidity and mortality. The treatment of choice is pituitary surgery, but it often fails to achieve cure, and other treatment modalities (radiotherapy, bilateral adrenalectomy) may therefore be required. If these treatments are not effective or while waiting for their results, hypercortisolism should be controlled with drugs. The classica...

Abstract Background: Reverse T3 (rT3) is a biologically inactive form of that created by peripheral 5 deiodination T4 type 1 and 3 deiodinases may block binding to the thyroid hormone receptor. As about 15% patients on L-T4 replacement with normalized TSH report continued fatigue other hypothyroid symptoms, efforts are needed understand why this occurs how it can be corrected. Decades ago, endo...