Time discounting is the phenomenon that a desired result in the future is perceived as less valuable than the same result now. Economic theories can take this psychological fact into account in several ways. In the economic literature the most widely used type of additive time discounting is exponential discounting. In exponential discounting, the fall of valuation depends by a constant factor ...

In this paper, a discrete version of a reaction-diffusion equation, also known as coupled map lattice (CML), which corresponds to the Turing model of morphogenesis is studied. It is shown that CML possesses a hyperbolic property displaying a type of spatio-temporal chaos. Throughout a mathematical background of hyperbolic properties in lattice dynamical systems which are related to spatio-tempo...

for determination of economic damage threshold of four wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars in different densities of wild mustard (sinapis arvensis l.), experiments were conducted at agricultural research station gorgan during 2010-2012. the experimental design consisted of four randomized complete blocks in a factorial arrangement. the treatments comprised of factorial combination of wild m...

We consider a semi-discrete car-following model and the macroscopic Aw–Rascle model for traffic flow given in Lagrangian form. The solution of the car-following model converges to a weak entropy solution of the system of hyperbolic balance laws with Cauchy initial data. For the homogeneous system, we allow vacuum in the initial data. By using properties of the semi-discrete model, we show that ...

In arid and semi-arid environments, groundwater plays a significant role in the ecosystem. In the last decades, groundwater levels have decreased due to the increasing demand for water, weak irrigation management and soil damage. For the effective management of groundwater, it is important to model and predict fluctuations in groundwater levels. In this study, groundwater table in Kashan plain ...

On average, young people underestimate whereas old people overestimate their chances to survive into the future. We employ a subjective survival belief model proposed by Ludwig and Zimper (2013) which can replicate these patterns. The model is compared with hyperbolic discounting within a standard life-cycle setting of consumption and savings. We show theoretically that the first order conditio...

The current work focuses on critical exponents of the two-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model defined on the hyperbolic plane. The hyperbolic plane is a simply connected infinite surface in which the Gaussian curvature possesses a constant negative curvature at arbitrary points. This non-zero curvature changes the geometric symmetry of the embedded Ising lattice model, and thus possibly induc...

We discuss the dynamics of the correspondences associated to those plane curves whose local sections contract the Poincaré metric in a hyperbolic planar domain. 1. Introduction. We consider certain 1-dimensional, holomorphic correspondences of hyperbolic type, which we call " contractive curves. " These are curves whose local sections contract the Poincaré metric of a hyperbolic planar domain. ...

We prove the existence of strong solutions to a class of inhomogeneous boundary-value problems for an elliptic-hyperbolic equation. The equation is an arbitrarily small lower-order perturbation of an equation that arises in the linearization of an approximate model for high-frequency waves near a caustic. The domain boundary is allowed to extend into both the elliptic and hyperbolic regions of ...

To evaluate the applicability of leaf and canopy photosynthesis models, we compared performance of 6 leaf models and validated 1 canopy model of photosynthesis based on field data of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) plantations on a Loess Plateau in northern China. Leaf photosynthetic light response curves and diurnal canopy photosynthetic rates were observed in the field in August 2009. ...