In the early 'RNA world' stage of life, RNA stored genetic information and catalyzed chemical reactions. However, the RNA world eventually gave rise to the DNA-RNA-protein world, and this transition included the 'genetic takeover' of information storage by DNA. We investigated evolutionary advantages for using DNA as the genetic material. The error rate of replication imposes a fundamental limi...

The aim of these lectures is to give a brief introduction to principal bundles on algebraic curves towards the construction of the moduli spaces of semistable principal bundles. The first lecture develops the basic machinery on principal bundles, their automorphisms. At the end of the first chapter, we give a proof of theorem of Grothendieck on orthogonal bundles. The second chapter, after deve...

In this paper we present a particle-based method for large scale long time progressive simulation of terrain erosion containing wet granular particles. The wetting process and the propagation through granular material is based on defining the wetness value for each particle representing the amount of water absorbed by granular particles and stored between them, as was originally proposed by Run...

The purpose of these notes is to give some examples illustrating how naive numerical approximations to PDE's may not work at all as expected. In addition, the following two important notions are introduced: (I) von Neumann stability analysis | helps identify when (and if) numerical schemes behave properly. (II) Arti cial viscosity | a tool in stabilizing numerical schemes. These notes should be...

We construct two variable-step linearly implicit Runge–Kutta methods of orders 3 and 4 for the numerical integration of the semidiscrete equations arising after the spatial discretization of advection–reaction–diffusion equations. We study the stability properties of these methods giving the appropriate extension of the concept of L-stability. Numerical results are reported when the methods pre...

Two-step W-methods are linearly implicit time-stepping methods using s external stages that may be processed in parallel. Methods with order s + 1 and stage order s exist. Appropriate generalizations for the concepts of A-and L-stability are derived as well as necessary conditions for A-stability and suucient conditions for stii accuracy. We construct methods of order four where no order reduct...

Datasets are often used multiple times and each successive analysis may depend on the outcome of previous analyses. Standard techniques for ensuring generalization and statistical validity do not account for this adaptive dependence. A recent line of work studies the challenges that arise from such adaptive data reuse by considering the problem of answering a sequence of “queries” about the dat...