A recent report by Zhao et al. [Zhao, M., Momma, S., Delfani, K., Carlen, M., Cassidy, R. M., Johansson, C. B., Brismar, H., Shupliakov, O., Frisen, J. & Janson, A. M. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 7925-7930] suggests that dopaminergic neurons, the cell type lost in Parkinson's disease, are continuously generated in the adult substantia nigra pars compacta. Using similar methodological...

Achieving safe and readily accessible sources for cell replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) is still a challenging unresolved issue. Recently, a primitive neural crest stem cell population (hOMSC) was isolated from the adult human oral mucosa and characterized in vitro and in vivo. In this study we assessed hOMSC ability to differentiate into dopamine-secreting cells with a neuronal-...

Abstract: Aim/Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD), the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantial nigra part brain leading to neurodegeneration. Materials and Methods: The objective this study was observe neuroprotective effect synthesized derivatives 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model. Here, designed naphthalene substituted azetidinone compounds defended lesions caused by 6-OHDA mo...

Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra are susceptible to toxin-based insults. Intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine results in selective toxicity to these neurons. A mechanistic role for reactive oxygen species is supported by observations that antioxidants confer protection from 6-hydroxydopamine. Although cell culture studies have suggested extracellular or nonmitochondrial mech...

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The conditions necessary to trigger regeneration of dopaminergic neurons were investigated in the goldfish retina. Intraocular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to destroy dopaminergic neurons, and neuronal regeneration was monitored by injections of the thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR). Regenerated dopaminergic neurons, (identified by double-labeling with anti-tyrosine ...

It is essential the existence of suitable preclinical models to elucidate the molecular mechanism of a disease and to test potential drugs and therapies. One of the major problems to discover new pharmacological therapies in Parkinson’s disease is the lack of suitable preclinical model. This explains why L-dopa is still the most effective drug despite the severe side effects observed after 4-6 ...

parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders.  there are many documents about the effects of oxidative stress in parkinson’s disease etiology. angiotensin ii activates nadph dependent oxidases and causes superoxides formation.  peganum harmala l. extract, which has angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) inhibitory effect, is considered to evaluate oxidative stress inhi...

The striatum receives massive cortical excitatory inputs and is densely innervated by dopamine. Striatal projection neurons form either the direct or indirect pathways. Models of Parkinson's disease propose that dopaminergic degeneration imbalances both pathways, although direct electrophysiological evidence is lacking. Here, striatal neurons were identified by electrophysiological criteria and...