background and objective: anemia is a common manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, occurring in approximately 30% of patients with asymptomatic infection and in as many as 75% to 80% of those with aids. anemia has been associated with decreased quality of life and decreased survival. in this study we aimed to determine the prevalence and related factors of anemia in hiv...

background and objectives: breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women throughout the world. there are controversial reports on the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in breast carcinogenesis. the aim of this study was to assess the presence of hpv-dna in invasive breast carcinoma to determine the association between hpv infection and breast carcinoma. methods: the study incl...

background and objectives: hiv infected patients are at risk for vaccine-preventable infections such as tetanus and diphtheria (td). in these patients, these antibodies tend to decline faster. due to the limited data, this study assessed the seroprevalence of tetanus and diphtheria antibodies in hiv infected patients in tehran, iran. materials and methods: this case-control study was carried o...

introduction: the human resources are considered the main asset of any society. if used properly and effectively, it will create other sources and above all the added value. the quality of the life is usually dependent on the quality of human professional life including factors such as job security, services and welfare pensions, health services, income, and job quality. the purpose of this stu...

in today's competitive market, quality has an important role in manufacturing system. the manufacturers attempt to maintain their production system in a proper condition to produce high quality products. one of the key factors to achieve this goal is maintenance policy. most studies on maintenance focused on machines and less attention has been paid to human resources as the most important...

with the rapid emergence of 3d applications and virtual environments in computer systems; the need for a new type of interaction device arises. this is because the traditional devices such as mouse, keyboard, and joystick become inefficient and cumbersome within these virtual environments. in other words, evolution of user interfaces shapes the change in the human-computer interaction (hci). in...

the formal study of human error is relatively recent, especially in medical domain, and is tied closely to a several other relatively new fields. organizational root cause of human error is less considered. despite growing social, industrial and scientific interest in the organizational causes of incidents, the concept of organizational failure and related tools are still less considered in man...

the recognition of seasonal patterns in infectious disease occurrence dates back at least as far as the hippocratic era, but the mechanisms underlying these fluctuations remain poorly understood. many classes of mechanistic hypotheses have been proposed to explain seasonality of various directly transmitted diseases, including at least the following; human activity, seasonal variability in huma...

influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza a or b virus. it often occurs in outbreaks and epidemics worldwide, mainly during the winter season. significant numbers of influenza virus particles are present in the respiratory secretions of infected persons, so infection can be transmitted by sneezing and coughing via large particle droplets. the mean duration of influenza v...