Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causal agent of COVID-19 and stands at center current global human pandemic, with death toll exceeding one million. The urgent need for a vaccine led to development various immunization approaches. mRNA vaccines represent cell-free, simple, rapid platform immunization, therefore have employed in recent studi...

Percutaneous peptide immunization is a method in which tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are primed in the lymph nodes and spleen following application of tumor peptides to corneum barrier-disrupted murine skin. Immunized mice are protected against subsequent challenge with corresponding tumors and suppress the growth of established tumors. CTL expansion after peptide application see...

Measles immunization campaigns are effective elements of a comprehensive strategy for preventing measles cases and deaths. However, if immunizations are not properly administered or if immunization waste products are not safely managed, there is the potential to transmit bloodborne pathogens (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and hepatitis C). A safe injection can be defined as...

Growth rate of heifers is reduced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) immunization following a primary and booster regimen. The objective was to attenuate the immune response with or without a booster immunization; specifically, the effects of booster interval, dose of PGF-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate at booster, adjuvant type, or single immunization with one or two adjuvants were examined. ...

BACKGROUND The World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund promote integration of maternal and child health (MCH) and immunization services as a strategy to strengthen immunization programs. We updated our previous review of integrated programs and reviewed reports of integration of MCH services with immunization programs at the service delivery level. METHODS Published a...

The continuous evolution in preventive medicine has anointed vaccination a versatile, human-health improving tool, which has led to a steady decline in deaths in the developing world. Maternal immunization represents an incisive step forward for the field of vaccination as it provides protection against various life-threatening diseases in pregnant women and their children. A number of studies ...

BACKGROUND Although many studies have demonstrated the benefits of reminder/recall (RR) measures to address patient under-immunization and improve immunization coverage, they are not widely implemented by healthcare providers. We identified providers' perceived barriers to their use from existing literature. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of relevant articles published in English be...

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background immunization is an essential issue in primary health care, which has a tremendous impact on infection prevention. objectives this study aimed to determine the immunization status of health care personnel (hcp) and adult patients admitted at teaching hospitals. conclusions the low rate of immunization warrants implementation of novel protocols in adults as well as implying on educatio...