The present study assessed the effects of abrasion, salivary proteins, and measurement angle on the quantification of early dental erosion by the analysis of reflection intensities from enamel. Enamel from 184 caries-free human molars was used for in vitro erosion in citric acid (pH 3.6). Abrasion of the eroded enamel resulted in a 6% to 14% increase in the specular reflection intensity compare...

AIM To compare the prevalence of dental caries, dental calculus, and enamel defects in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and children with other chronic respiratory disorders. METHODS A cross sectional observational survey. One examiner (AN) undertook oral examinations to assess dental caries, periodontal health, and enamel defects in children attending respiratory outpatient clinics. RESU...

Human dental reduction has been manifested in evolutionary and secular trends, but it is not known to what degree each of these complementary processes contributes to changes in tooth size. Enamel hypoplasia is a marker of developmental stress that is often found to be of greater frequency and severity in populations undergoing dental size reduction. In order to test the developmental associati...

While many effectors have been identified in enamel matrix and cells via genetic studies, physiological networks underlying their expression levels and thus the natural spectrum of enamel thickness and degree of mineralization are now just emerging. Several transcription factors are candidates for enamel gene expression regulation and thus the control of enamel quality. Some of these factors, s...

The characterization and quantification of human dental enamel microstructure, in both permanent and deciduous teeth, allows us to document crucial growth parameters and to identify stressful events, thus contributing to the reconstruction of the past life history of an individual. Most studies to date have focused on the more accessible post-natal portion of the deciduous dental enamel, even t...

Dental caries incidence is affected by host factors that may be related to the structure of dental enamel, immunologic response to cariogenic bacteria, or the composition of saliva. Genetic variation of the host factors may contribute to increased risks for dental caries. This systematic review examined the literature to address the question, "Is the risk for dental decay related to patterns of...

This paper describes the results of tests on the influence of human saliva and its substitutes on tribological characteristics of friction pairs. Each pair consists of enamel and one of the following materials: ceramics, the Meridian B2 dental composite, the GK dental amalgam, and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. The saliva substitutes used were prepared using pyrophosphates, xanthan gum, and mucins d...

All vertebrate organs are formed from several cell types, and it is currently believed that interactions between the different components constitute the most important mechanism in the regulation of organ morphogenesis. In developing teeth morphogenetic interactions occur between the epithelium covering the facial processes and the underlying neural crest-derived mesenchyme. Morphogenesis is ac...

Historically, the study of the wear of hard dental tissues in modern man has been limited to clinical observation of physiologic and pathologic conditions that lead to wear, and to attempts to duplicate the effects of hygienic procedures such as the use of toothbrush and dentifrice on hard dental tissues in the laboratory. However, several fundamental investigations have been reported in which ...

Introduction A current debate in palaeoanthropology centres on the issue of modern human origins, particularly the question of when ‘anatomically modern humans’ (AMH) from the African Middle Stone Age (MSA) became fully modern. Fossil Homo in Africa appears to have undergone a morphological transition from a more primitive form (i.e. Homo heidelbergensis/Homo rhodesiensis) to a more modern form...