The development of HTLV-1 associated clinical manifestations, such as TSP/HAM and ATLL, occur in 2-4% of the infected population and it is still unclear why this infection remains asymptomatic in most infected carriers. Recently, it has been demonstrated that HTLV uses the Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) to infect T-CD4(+) lymphocytes and that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the GLU...

Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an inflammatory neurological disease. Patients with HAM/TSP show high proviral load despite increased HTLV-I Tax-specific CTL. It is still unknown whether the CTL efficiently eliminate the virus in vivo and/or whether a naturally occurring variant virus becomes predominant by escaping from...

human t-cell lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i) was the first human retrovirus associated with malignancy.  the prevalence of htlv-i infection varies significantly in different regions of the world.  in this study, the prevalence of htlv-i infection among ethnic jews living in shiraz, south of iran, was investigated. 286 blood samples were obtained.  htlv-1 antibody assay on serum samples was d...

A distinct clinical entity of uveitis associated with human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) has been reported previously. During the period between January 1989 and April 1992, 93 patients were observed with HTLV-I uveitis and a significant correlation was found between Graves' disease and HTLV-I uveitis. Sixteen of the 93 patients with HTLV-I uveitis (17.2%) had a previous history of Grav...

BACKGROUND HTLV-1 is associated with increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and severity of tuberculosis. Although previous studies have shown that HTLV-1 infected individuals have a low frequency of positive tuberculin skin test (TST) and decreasing in lymphoproliferative responses compared to HTLV-1 uninfected persons, these studies were not performed in individuals ...

Objective(s):HTLV-1 is the first human retrovirus that has been recognized and is associated with HAM/TSP and ATLL. Studies have shown that less than five percent of HTLV-1 infected carriers develop HAM/TSP or ATLL and about ninety-five percent remain asymptomatic. Therefore, the proviral load with Tax may affect cellular genes such as cytokines and oncogenes, as well as involve in pathogenicit...

Neurogenic bladder is common in patients with human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Here, we describe isolated neurogenic bladder dysfunction in HTLV-1–infected individuals without HAM/TSP and show that HTLV-1 proviral load is higher in such patients than it is in asymptomatic carriers. We suggest that testing for HTLV-1 antibod...

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) occurs in a small population of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals. Although the critical risk factor for ATL development is not clear, it has been noted that ATL is incidentally associated with mother-to-child infection, elevated proviral loads, and weakness in HTLV-1-specific T-cell immune responses. In the present study, using a rat s...

background: thalassemia syndromes are the most common genetic disorders in the world. they happen due to genetic defects in process of haemoglobin synthesis, and would be classified to many groups mainly α and β, based on the kind of defect. anemia is the main clinical manifestation of this phenotype of disorder. in order to correct the chronic anemia in thalassaemic individuals, they may need ...

This review examines information on clinical, pathological and immunological events in the slowly progressive neurologic disorder associated with the human T lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) termed HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The role of cellular immune responses to HTLV-I in patients with HAM/TSP and how these responses may be associated with the path...