BACKGROUND Second-hand smoke is a severe health hazard for children. Clinical guidelines suggest that nurses advise smoking parents to quit when they accompany their sick children to paediatric settings, but the guidelines did not mention what nurses can do if the parents are not with the children. This study examines the effectiveness of a low-intensity, nurse-led health instructional initiati...

the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship betweenwomen’s employment and the socio-emotional functions of the family. for the purposeof this study, 300 women were selected through method among women livingin district 11 of tehran. 199 individuals were unemployed and 101 individualswere employed. they responded a researcher-made questionnaire which measuredsocial and emotional ...

In 2007, seeking to increase female labor force participation and more generally ease burdens on working women, the Mexican government introduced one of the most ambitious child care programs in an emerging economy: Estancias Infantiles para Apoyar a Madres Trabajadoras (EI). EI covers 90% of the cost of enrolling a child under the age of four at a formal child care center. The program is inten...

In traditional society, women were supposed to do housework, take care of children, and give the family emotional stability. However, with the social and economic changes that affect our urban and rural society, the traditional values also change. More women are engaged in full-time jobs. No longer are they only women and mothers; they are also business women, politicians, and contributors to s...

Women working full-time in the UK earn on average about 18% per hour less than men (EOC, 2005). Traditional labour economics has focussed on gender differences in human capital to explain the gender wage gap. Although differences in male and female human capital are recognized to derive from different household responsibilities over the life cycle, there is also a lesser-studied and more direct...

gender as one of the social and cultural determinant factors, affects many dimensions of women including their occupation and can affect  the types of male and female jobs. nowadays, gender segregation of jobs in iran is gradually being removed. nevertheless, social policy making in this subject needs scientific studies. it seems necessary to take advantage of qualitative methods. in this quali...