Blooms of the potentially toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis are increasing worldwide. In the Laurentian Great Lakes they pose major socioeconomic, ecological, and human health threats, particularly in western Lake Erie. However, the interpretation of "omics" data is constrained by the highly variable genome of Microcystis and the small number of reference genome sequences from strains isolated f...

Relative gene expression analyses by qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) require an internal control to normalize the expression data of genes of interest and eliminate the unwanted variation introduced by sample preparation. A perfect reference gene should have a constant expression level under all the experimental conditions. However, the same few housekeeping genes selected from...

We report the first documented case of canine strangles due to infection with Streptococcus equi in a dog with enlarged lymph nodes. Genetic typing, via sequencing of 12 housekeeping genes and the SeM gene, demonstrated the isolate to be a member of a common equine strain type circulating in the United Kingdom.

Close relatedness and genomic plasticity characterizing the high-threat pathogens Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei render the molecular diagnosis of these species hard to guarantee with a maximal confidence level. This article describes fast molecular assays derived from compiled sequences of housekeeping genes determined in more than 1,000 strains. The assays proved to be robu...

Dendrobium officinale Kimu et Migo has increased many researchers' interest for its high medical and horticultural values and the molecular mechanism of its protocorm development remains unclear. In this study, 19 genes from 26 most stably expressed genes in whole transcriptome of protocorms and 5 housekeeping genes were used as candidate reference genes and screened with 4 application software...

In order to investigate the genetic differentiation of Sinorhizobium strains nodulating Glycine max and related microevolutionary mechanisms, three housekeeping genes (SMc00019, truA, and thrA) and 16 symbiosis-related genes on the chromosome (7 genes), pSymA (6 genes), and pSymB (3 genes) were analyzed. Five distinct species were identified among the test strains by calculating the average nuc...

BACKGROUND The accuracy of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is highly dependent on reliable reference gene(s). Some housekeeping genes which are commonly used for normalization are widely recognized as inappropriate in many experimental conditions. This study aimed to identify reference genes for clinical studies through microarray meta-analysis of human clinical samples. METHODOLOGY/PRIN...

Comparative analyses on disease and nondisease (ND) genes have greatly facilitated the understanding of human diseases. However, most studies have grouped all the disease genes together and have performed comparative analyses with other ND genes. Thus, the molecular mechanism of disease on which disease genes can be separated into monogenic and polygenic diseases (MDs and PDs) has been ignored ...