There is growing evidence that in a variety of organisms the majority of meiotic recombination events occur at a relatively small fraction of loci, known as recombination hotspots. If hotspot activity results from the DNA sequence at or near the hotspot itself (in cis), these hotspots are expected to be rapidly lost due to biased gene conversion, unless there is strong selection in favor of the...

Understanding recombination rate variation is very important for studying genome diversity and evolution, and for investigation of phenotypic association and genetic diseases. Recombination hotspots have been observed in many species and are well studied in yeast. Recent study demonstrated that recombination hotspots are also a ubiquitous feature of the human genome. But the nature of human hot...

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein behavior through modulation of protein-protein interactions, enzymatic activity, and protein stability essential in the translation of genotype to phenotype in eukaryotes. Currently, less than 4% of all eukaryotic PTMs are reported to have biological function - a statistic that continues to decrease with an increasing rate of PTM detectio...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Transport of macromolecules between plasma and the arterial wall plays a key role in atherogenesis. Scattered hotspots of elevated endothelial permeability to macromolecules occur in the aorta; a fraction of them are associated with dividing cells. Hotspots occur particularly frequently downstream of branch points, where lesions develop in young rabbits and children. However...

xanthomonas campestris pv.musacrearum causes banana wilt disease (bxw disease) which occurs at different epidemic phases in east and central africa (eca). in the endemic areas, there are many banana fields with over 80% bxw disease incidence. this study aimed at rehabilitating banana fields heavily infected with bxw disease in uganda, kenya and dr. congo. farmer managed trials were established ...

Identifying hotspots of species threat has been a successful approach for setting conservation priorities. One important challenge in conservation is that, in many hotspots, export industries continue to drive overexploitation. Conservation measures must consider not just the point f impact, but also the consumer demand that ultimately drives resource use. To understand which species threat hot...

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) mediates the somatic hypermutation (SHM) of Ig variable (V) regions that is required for the affinity maturation of the antibody response. An intensive analysis of a published database of somatic hypermutations that arose in the IGHV3-23*01 human V region expressed in vivo by human memory B cells revealed that the focus of mutations in complementary determinin...

We present a weakly nonlinear analysis of our recently developed model for the formation of crime patterns. Using a perturbative approach, we find amplitude equations that govern the development of crime “hotspot” patterns in our system in both the one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) cases. In addition to the supercritical spots already shown to exist in our previous work, we prove he...