a two-year laboratory study on the biology (including self-fertilization) of bulinus truncatus, the intermediate host of schistosoma haematobium, s. bovis and paramphistomum microbotrium in iran, has revealed information on the longevity, reproduction, hatchability rate, hatching time during various months of the year, and growth and mortality rates of this snail. it was found that the reproduc...

The goals of this paper were to investigate phylogenetic and evolutionary patterns of cichlid fish from West Africa and their Cichlidogyrus and Scutogyrus monogenean parasites, to uncover the presence of host-parasite cospeciation and to assess the level of morphological adaptation in parasites. This required the following steps, each one representing specific objectives of this paper: (1) to b...

Among the turtle and whale barnacles (Coronuloidea: Chelonibiidae, Coronulidae, †Emersoni-idae Platylepadidae), members of chelonibiid species Chelonibia testudinaria (Linnaeus, 1758) are known as epizoic that can attach to a rather wide spectrum substrates (pri-marily sea turtles, crabs sirenians). At present, three living morphs C. have been recognised; these, less host-specific is patula mor...

Potomida semirugata, which belongs to the Unionidae family, require a host fish complete their life cycle. In this study, preference of species was investigated. Besides, mussel and hence attachment state larvae on were also Five different namely Cyprinus carpio, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus, Anguilla anguilla, Carasobarbus luteus used as candidates. five glass aquaria each contain...

In this Letter, a dynamically tunable metasurface, which is based on antimony trisulfide, introduced. structure, first metal-insulator-metal (MIM) nanocavity optimized in way that, upon phase change, the visible response switches from transmissive colored window into reflective mirror. Later, an indium tin oxide nanoantenna integrated MIM cavity to provide antireflection short-wave infrared (SW...

The protein kinase PKR activated by viral dsRNA, phosphorylates the eIF2α, which inhibit the mechanism of translation initiation. Viral evolved proteins mimicking the eIF2α block its phosphorylation and help in the viral replication. To decipher the molecular basis for the PKR's substrate and inhibitor interaction mechanisms, we carried the molecular dynamics studies on the catalytic domain of ...

sunflower (helinathus annuus) is a susceptible host to the holoparasite hemp broomrape (orobanche ramosa) in central parts of iran, causing yield loss due to severe infestations. a field study was conducted in 2006 to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate for controlling the parasitic weed hemp broomrape in sunflower. glyphosate was applied once or twice at five rates ranging from 0.075 to 0.450 ...

toxoplasma encepfiautis (te) is rare in pediatric patients, but it is an emerging opportunistic infection in the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts. it should be considered in patients who present with fever and evolving cns symptoms. the outcome of these patients is always poor because of delay in diagnosis. we report one case of toxoplasma encephalitis in a child without hiv infecti...

UNLABELLED Bacterial proteases contribute to virulence by cleaving host or bacterial proteins to promote survival and dissemination. Omptins are a family of proteases embedded in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that cleave various substrates, including host antimicrobial peptides, with a preference for cleaving at dibasic motifs. OmpT, the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) ...