The effects of host biodiversity on disease risk may vary greatly depending on host population structure and climatic conditions. Agricultural diseases such as potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, provide the opportunity to study the effects of intraspecific host diversity that is relatively well-defined in terms of disease resistance phenotypes and may have functional impacts ...

Immunological interaction at the tick host interface involves both innate and acquired host defenses against infestation and Immunomodulatory countermeasures by thetick. Acquired resistance to tick infestation involves humoral and cellular immlmoregulatory effector pathways. Tick-borne disease-causing agentspr exploit tick suppression of host defenses during transmission and initiation of infec...

DISEASES ARE LIMITING factors of sugarcane production and breeding for resistance to diseases is a major goal in sugarcane variety improvement. Diseases result from complex interactions between plants, pathogens and environment, including humans and insect vectors of pathogens. History has shown that durability of resistance of sugarcane to diseases varies according to the host cultivar and to ...

In the majority of infectious diseases only a proportion of individuals exposed to a pathogen become infected and develop clinically evident disease. At least in part, this interindividual variability is determined by the combined effect of host proteins encoded by a series of genes that control the quantity and quality of host-parasite interaction and host immune responses. Identification of t...

Microbes exert a major impact on human health and disease by either promoting or disrupting homeostasis, in the latter instance leading to the development of infectious diseases. Such disparate outcomes are driven by the ever-evolving genetic diversity of microbes and the countervailing host responses that minimize their pathogenic impact. Host defense strategies that limit microbial pathogenic...

The consequences of emerging marine diseases on the evolutionary trajectories of affected host populations in the marine realm are largely unexplored. Evolution in response to natural selection depends on the genetic variation of the traits under selection and the interaction of these traits with the environment (GxE). However, in the case of diseases, pathogen genotypes add another dimension t...

Understanding the biological principles of disease heredity and resistance to disease is a prerequisite for the incorporation of these factors into multi-trait breeding programmes. Mutations represent an evolutionary aspect of disease. The author reviews patterns of Mendelian inheritance and possible causes of non-Mendelian inheritance, such as multifactorial inheritance, expansion of trinucleo...

Infectious diseases remain a major cause of death, disability, and social and economic disorder for millions of people throughout the world. Poverty, poor access to health care, human migration, emerging disease agents, and antibiotic resistance all contribute to the expanding impact of infectious diseases. Prevention and treatment strategies for infectious diseases derive from a thorough under...

The purpose of our study is to focus on the causes infectious diseases and reactions host pathogens. Although advent od antibiotics vaccines has certainly taken dread out many diseases, treat infection still a fact life. New pathogens are constantly being discovered, strains old ones have developed resistance antibiotics, making therapy more difficult, while incurable like AIDS, rabies etc. wit...