The ability of seed-borne bacterial pathogens (Acidovorax citrulli, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea) to infest seeds of host and non-host plants (watermelon, tomato, pepper, and soybean) and subsequent pathogen transmission to seedlings was investigated. A non-pathogenic, pigmented ...

citrus mealy bug, planococcus citri (risso)is one of the most common and well knownpest insects of ornamentals. coleus, solenostemon scutellarioides (l.)codd is a suitable host ofthe mealybugs. mealybug destroyer, cryptolaemus montrouzieri mulsant (coleoptera:coccinellidae) is a polyphagous predatory coccinellid, employed in biological controlprograms against citrusmealy bug. the present work w...

Plant pathogens deliver effectors to alter host processes. Knowledge of how effectors target and manipulate host proteins is critical to understand crop disease. Here, we show that in planta expression of the RXLR effector Pi04314 enhances leaf colonization by Phytophthora infestans via activity in the host nucleus and attenuates induction of jasmonic and salicylic acid-responsive genes. Pi0431...

Plant diseases accounts for huge losses in agriculture. To ensure food security and sustainability, an agricultural yield must be improved to meet the growing world population. Due awareness of effect pesticides herbicides on human health environment, alternative safe method controlling phytopathogens has become a subject intense research. Biological control plant is use living organisms suppre...

in this study, high biocontrol potentially bacillus isolates, against root knot nematode were evaluated from viewpoint of biofilm formation and root colonization in vitro. among 139 bacillus isolates from tomato rhizosphere of several regions of razavi khorasan, 15 strains which show more ability to prevent egg hatch and cause larvae mortality of meloidogyne javanica, were tested in biofilm ass...

Fungal plant pathogens produce secreted proteins adapted to function outside fungal cells to facilitate colonization of their hosts. In many cases such as for fungi from the Sclerotiniaceae family the repertoire and function of secreted proteins remains elusive. In the Sclerotiniaceae, whereas Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea are cosmopolitan broad host-range plant pathogens, Scler...

During the last years, the number of human infections caused by opportunistic pathogens has increased dramatically. One natural reservoir of opportunistic pathogens is the rhizosphere, the zone around roots that is influenced by the plant. Due to a high content of nutrients, this habitat is a 'microbial hot-spot', where bacterial abundances including those with strong antagonistic traits are en...

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence factor in many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. This secretion system translocates effectors directly into the cytosol of eukaryotic host cells, where the effector proteins facilitate bacterial pathogenesis by interfering with host cell signal transduction and other cellular processes. Plants defend themselves against bacterial pathoge...

In the past few years, huge economic and environmental losses have resulted by fungal pathogens in agriculture food production worldwide. Fungal toxins also pose a threat for animal health. last decade, site-specific fungicides has been used plant protection, providing highly efficient protection against phytopathogens. However, use of pesticides boosted problems with resistance targeted organi...