BACKGROUND Workers exposed to sewage may have an increased risk of infection by Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis E virus (HEV). OBJECTIVES To assess the incidence of clinical hepatitis E and peptic ulcers and the seroconversion rate of antibodies to H pylori and HEV in workers with and without sewage exposure. METHODS 332 workers exposed to sewage and a control group of 446 municipal manua...

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are two important pathogenic parasites that have caused many waterborne outbreaks which affected hundreds of thousands of people. Contamination from effluent discharged by sewage treatment plants have been implicated in previous waterborne outbreaks of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. This study evaluated the reduction of Cryptosporidium and Giardia (oo)cysts in two sewa...

According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guidelines, when calculating CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions from biomass should be excluded from the total amount of CO2 emissions and should be separately reported due to their “carbon neutrality”. Sewage sludge is one of the representative biomass fuels. It is mixed with fossil fuels to achieve greenhouse gas reduction or is used...

A study was conducted to determine the significance of starvation resistance to the ability of a species to survive in sewage and lake water. Tests were conducted for periods of up to 14 days. Rhizobium meliloti and one fluorescent and one nonfluorescent strain of Pseudomonas were resistant to starvation because their population sizes did not fall appreciably in buffer and sterile lake water, a...

The present status of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB) and antimicrobial-susceptible (AMSB) in hospital effluent, sewage treatment plant (STP) influent, STP secondary effluent (chlorination), (ozonation), river water were analyzed an urban Japan by a 2-year monitoring survey. results revealed the existence multiple AMRB grouped into six classes whose numbers at 19 to 2,800 CFU/mL, influe...

From a series of tests covering 15 months, another instance is recorded of the detection of the virus of poliomyelitis in urban sewage. It has not yet been possible to detect the virus of poliomyelitis in sewage during non-epidemic periods. It is likely that the periodic sampling of sewage for pathogenic viruses or bacteria may be a method of epidemiological value.

The quantity and serotypes of enteroviruses (EVs) in the influent of a local sewage treatment plant were compared to local clinical EV cases to determine if testing of sewage is adequate for an EV surveillance system. The study was carried out from August 1994 to December 2002. Monthly influent specimens were processed by organic flocculation, and dilutions of concentrate were inoculated onto a...